Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and risk of microvascular complications among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study.

Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is associated with macrovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease and stroke. However, the effects of CHIP on microvascular complication have not been evaluated in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study included 20,712 T2D participants without prevalent diabetic microvascular complication (DMCs) and hematologic malignancy at baseline.

Early-life famine exposure, genetic susceptibility and risk of MAFLD in adulthood.

Objectives: Early-famine exposure was reported to be associated with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD); however, it has not been fully elucidated whether the gene-famine interaction exist in this association. We aimed to investigate the association between early-life famine exposure in different genetic risk stratifications and the risk of MAFLD in adulthood.

Design, Setting, Participants, And Measurements: The study included 8213 participants from the SPECT-China study.

The immune checkpoint molecule B7-H4 regulates β-cell mass and insulin secretion by modulating cholesterol metabolism through Stat5 signalling.

Objective: B7-H4 (B7S1, B7x, VTCN1) is an important immune checkpoint molecule that maintains immune homeostasis and is also expressed in pancreatic β cells. The polymorphism of B7-H4 influences the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), suggesting a potential role of B7-H4 in the physiological function of pancreatic β cells and the pathogenesis of T2D.

Methods: β-cell-specific B7-H4 knockout mice (B7-H4 cKO mice) and their wild-type littermates were used to investigate the in vivo effects of B7-H4 on pancreatic β-cell morphology and function.

Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics with machine learning for predicting progression from prediabetes to diabetes.

Background: Identification of individuals with prediabetes who are at high risk of developing diabetes allows for precise interventions. We aimed to determine the role of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic signature in predicting the progression from prediabetes to diabetes.

Methods: This prospective study included 13,489 participants with prediabetes who had metabolomic data from the UK Biobank.

Joint effects of physical frailty and traditional cardiovascular risk factor control on cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes.

Objectives: Physical frailty has been found to increase the risk of multiple adverse outcomes including cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetic patients, but whether this could be modified by traditional risk factor control remains unknown. We aimed to explore the joint and interaction effects of frailty and traditional risk factor control on the risk of CVD.

Design: A population-based cohort study.

Association of combined healthy lifestyle with risk of adverse outcomes in patients with prediabetes.

Objective: Prediabetes and lifestyle factors have been associated with the risks of multiple adverse outcomes, but the effect of a healthy lifestyle on prediabetes-related complications remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether the risks of multiple adverse outcomes including incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) among individuals with prediabetes can be offset by a broad combination of healthy lifestyle factors.

Methods: This prospective study used data from the UK Biobank cohort.

Birth weight, ideal cardiovascular health metrics in adulthood, and incident cardiovascular disease.

Background: Prenatal and postnatal factors may have joint effects on cardiovascular health, and we aimed to assess the joint association of birth weight and ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHMs) prospectively in adulthood with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: In the UK Biobank, 227,833 participants with data on ICVHM components and birth weight and without CVD at baseline were included. The ICVHMs included smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet information, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and hemoglobin A1c.

Sweetened Beverages, Genetic Susceptibility, and Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: An association between sweetened beverages and several cardiometabolic diseases has been reported, but their association with atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), artificially sweetened beverages (ASB), and pure fruit juice (PJ) and risk of consumption with AF risk and further evaluate whether genetic susceptibility modifies these associations.

Methods: A total of 201 856 participants who were free of baseline AF, had genetic data available, and completed a 24-hour diet questionnaire were included.

Cardiovascular health, sleeping duration, and risk of mortality in current and former smokers.

Background And Aims: To investigate the associations of ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHMs) with all-cause mortality among former and current smokers compared with never smokers.

Methods And Results: A total of 378,147 participants [mean age (SD) years: 56.3 (8.

Nonlinear relationship between body mass index and serum uric acid: An observational and Mendelian randomization study among Chinese adults.

Background And Aims: Conflicting evidence exists on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and serum uric acid (SUA), and importantly, the causal role of BMI in SUA remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the BMI-SUA relationship and its causality among Chinese adults using observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.

Methods And Results: Study included 6641 adults from East China.

SGLT2 inhibition, circulating metabolites, and atrial fibrillation: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown promise in reducing the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the results are controversial and the underlying metabolic mechanism remains unclear. Emerging evidence implied that SGLT2 inhibitors have extra beneficial metabolic effects on circulating metabolites beyond glucose control, which might play a role in reducing the risk of AF.

Life's Essential 8 and risk of non-communicable chronic diseases: Outcome-wide analyses.

Background: Life's Simple 7, the former construct of cardiovascular health (CVH) has been used to evaluate adverse non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). However, some flaws have been recognized in recent years and Life's Essential 8 has been established. In this study, we aimed to analyze the association between CVH defined by Life's Essential 8 and risk of 44 common NCDs and further estimate the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of low-moderate CVH scores in the 44 NCDs.

Acquired risk factors and incident atrial fibrillation according to age and genetic predisposition.

Background And Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in adults. Investigations of risk factor profiles for AF according to age and genetic risk groups are essential to promote individualized strategies for the prevention and control of AF.

Methods: A total of 409 661 participants (mean age, 56 years; 46% men) free of AF at baseline and with complete information about risk factors were included from the UK Biobank cohort.

Immune-mediated diseases and risk of incident cardiovascular diseases: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Disorders of immune system may impact cardiovascular health; however, comprehensive study is lacking. We aimed to analyse the association of total and 20 individual immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) with risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 414 495 participants (55.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: an observational and Mendelian randomization study.

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are both chronic multisystem diseases that cause tremendous health burdens worldwide. Previous epidemiological studies have found a bidirectional relationship between these two diseases; however, their causality remains largely unknown. We aim to examine the causal relationship between NAFLD and T2DM.

Investigating the shared genetic architecture between schizophrenia and body mass index.

Evidence for reciprocal comorbidity of schizophrenia (SCZ) and body mass index (BMI) has grown in recent years. However, little is known regarding the shared genetic architecture or causality underlying the phenotypic association between SCZ and BMI. Leveraging summary statistics from the hitherto largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) on each trait, we investigated the genetic overlap and causal associations of SCZ with BMI.

Association between Life's Essential 8 score and risk of premature mortality in people with and without type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study.

Aims: To evaluate the association of cardiovascular health (CVH), measured by Life's Essential 8 score, with the risk of premature mortality and to determine the patterns of CVH-related differences in life expectancy among people with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: This prospective study included 309,789 participants (age 56.6 ± 8.

Nanomechanical Spectroscopy of 2D Materials.

We introduce a nanomechanical platform for fast and sensitive measurements of the spectrally resolved optical dielectric function of 2D materials. At the heart of our approach is a suspended 2D material integrated into a high silicon nitride nanomechanical resonator illuminated by a wavelength-tunable laser source. From the heating-related frequency shift of the resonator as well as its optical reflection measured as a function of photon energy, we obtain the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function.

Sleep Duration and Visceral Adipose Tissue: Linear and Nonlinear Mendelian Randomization Analyses.

Context: Increasing evidence suggests that sleep is important for fat metabolism. However, the causal relationship between sleep duration and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) needs to be further clarified.

Objective: This study investigated the linear and nonlinear causal association between sleep duration and VAT.

Testosterone Deficiency Promotes Hypercholesteremia and Attenuates Cholesterol Liver Uptake via AR/PCSK9/LDLR Pathways.

Background: Testosterone deficiency is reportedly correlated with an elevation of cholesterol in plasma, but the mechanism remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate the effects of testosterone deficiency on cholesterol metabolism and the corresponding molecular changes in vivo and in vitro.

Methods: SD rats were randomized into three groups: sham-operated (SHAM), subtotal orchiectomized (SO), and orchiectomized (ORX) and fed for 8 weeks.

Joint Exposure to Positive Affect, Life Satisfaction, Depressive Symptoms, and Neuroticism and Incident Type 2 Diabetes.

Context: Whether the psychological wellbeing status could be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes is unclear.

Objective: We aimed to measure the association between combined psychological wellbeing factors and type 2 diabetes and investigate whether this association was modified by genetic predisposition.

Methods: Prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank.

Application of Exogenous Iron Alters the Microbial Community Structure and Reduces the Accumulation of Cadmium and Arsenic in Rice ( L.).

Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) contamination of soil has been a public concern due to their potential accumulation risk through the food chain. This study was conducted to investigate the performance of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticle (Nano-Fe) to stabilize the concentrations of Cd and As in paddy soil. Both Fe treatments led to low extractable Cd and the contents of specifically sorbed As contents, increased (p < 0.