Being Popular and Being Liked: Goals, Behaviors, and Norm Salience.

Youth's social status (popularity and likability) relates with social status goals as well as bullying and prosocial behaviors within the context of classroom norms for bullying and prosocial behaviors, but less clear is how each of these factors interrelates with each other. The current study empirically analyses the concurrent relationships among social status goals, bullying and prosocial behaviors, and classroom norms with social status. Participants were a nationally representative sample of 6,421 Slovenian early adolescents (50% females; M = 13 years; SD = 6 months).

The Organic Farmer Safety, Health & Life Questionnaire (OFSHLQ): A Tool for an Expanded Paradigm on Occupational Safety and Health.

Objective: Develop and validate a multidimensional tool consistent with an expanded occupational safety and health (OSH) paradigm.

Methods: Systematic development process; cross-sectional survey design for psychometric properties. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and reliability estimates on key theoretical constructs.

Parental experiences and perspectives of healthcare providers' genetic testing recommendations for their children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in the United States.

Although genetic testing is recommended for all children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States, it remains unclear how many parents have received and followed these recommendations. This study aimed to assess parental experiences and perspectives of healthcare providers' genetic testing recommendations. A total of 1043 parents of children with ASD from Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge completed an online survey.

The Fatigue and Altered Cognition Scale among SARS-CoV-2 Survivors: Psychometric Properties and Item Correlations with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms.

: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Fatigue and Altered Cognition Scale (FACs) among adult COVID-19 survivors and its unique ability to assess symptomology not accounted for by measures of depression and anxiety. : COVID-19 survivors completed an online survey that included the FACs, a measure of brain fog and central fatigue with 20 items rated on a digital-analog scale. Useable data from 559 participants were analyzed to test the two-factor structure of the FACs, test for measurement invariance by sex and device was used to complete the survey (hand-held, computer), and item correlations with symptoms of depression and anxiety were examined.

The Fracture Risk of Elderly Patients With Atopic Dermatitis.

A higher fracture risk has been reported previously in patients with atopic Dermatitis (AD). The bone mineral density (BMD) was not accounted for in these studies. To investigate the fracture risk in AD patients after adjustment for factors including BMD.

Efficient assessment of brain fog and fatigue: Development of the Fatigue and Altered Cognition Scale (FACs).

Debilitating symptoms of fatigue and accompanying "brain fog" are observed among patients with various chronic health conditions. Unfortunately, an efficient and psychometrically sound instrument to assess these co-occurring symptoms is unavailable. Here, we report the development and initial psychometric properties of the Fatigue and Altered Cognition Scale (the FACs), a measure of self-reported central fatigue and brain fog.

The relationship between outdoor air pollutants and atopic dermatitis of adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) poses a significant disease burden in adults. Environmental factors are essential in its pathogenesis.

Objective: Given the possible role of air pollutants in allergic diseases, it is worthwhile to summarize the effects of outdoor air pollution on adult AD.

Teacher's Corner: An R Shiny App for Sensitivity Analysis for Latent Growth Curve Mediation.

Mechanisms of behavior change are the processes through which interventions are hypothesized to cause changes in outcomes. Latent growth curve mediation models (LGCMM) are recommended for investigating the mechanisms of behavior change because LGCMM models establish temporal precedence of change from the mediator to the outcome variable. The Correlated Augmented Mediation Sensitivity Analyses (CAMSA) App implements sensitivity analysis for LGCMM models to evaluate if a mediating path (mechanism) is robust to potential confounding variables.

The physiological, perceptual, and thermoregulatory responses to facemask use during exercise.

The use of masks in public settings and when around people has been recommended to limit the spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by major public health agencies. Several different types of masks classified as either medical- or non-medical grade are commonly used among the public. However, concerns with difficulty breathing, re-breathing exhaled carbon dioxide, a decrease in arterial oxygen saturation, and a decrease in exercise performance have been raised regarding the use of mask during exercise.

Facemask Use During High Intensity Interval Exercise in Temperate and Hot Environments.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of surgical mask use during high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on physiological and perceptual responses in hot and temperate environments.

Methods: In a randomized fashion, 10 healthy participants completed two HIIE sessions in a 36°C hot (HUE-HOT) and two HIIE sessions in a 23°C temperate environment (HIIE-TEMP) while wearing (MASK) and not wearing a surgical mask (CON).

Results: No differences in physiological variables were found between MASK and CON during HIIE.

Factors Influencing Family Health History Collection among Young Adults: A Structural Equation Modeling.

Family health history (FHH) can serve as an entry point for preventive medicine by providing risk estimations for many common health conditions. College is a critical time for young adults to begin to understand the value of FHH collection, and to establish healthy behaviors to prevent FHH-related diseases. This study seeks to develop an integrated theoretical framework to examine FHH collection behavior and associated factors among college students.

Predictive model specific to young adults for estimating thoracic gas volume for air-displacement plethysmography.

Background: Thoracic gas volume either measured (mTGV) or predicted by the BodPod® (bpTGV) is used during air-displacement plethysmography to obtain a better estimate of percent body fat. Evidence suggests that bpTGV underestimates mTGV for young adults and this is especially evident for young males.

Aims: We developed, validated, and cross-validated a TGV prediction model (pTGV) for males and females 18-30 years of age to address this underestimation.

Two-stage path analysis with definition variables: An alternative framework to account for measurement error.

When estimating path coefficients among psychological constructs measured with error, structural equation modeling (SEM), which simultaneously estimates the measurement and structural parameters, is generally regarded as the gold standard. In practice, however, researchers usually first compute composite scores or factor scores, and use those as observed variables in a path analysis, for purposes of simplifying the model or avoiding model convergence issues. Whereas recent approaches, such as reliability adjustment methods and factor score regression, has been proposed to mitigate the bias induced by ignoring measurement error in composite/factor scores with continuous indicators, those approaches are not yet applicable to models with categorical indicators.

Hierarchy and Reliability of the Preschool Language Scales-Fifth Edition: Mokken Scale Analysis.

Purpose This study examined the psychometric properties of the Preschool Language Scales-Fifth Edition (PLS-5 English) among preschool children from low-socioeconomic status (SES) families. Method The PLS-5 was administered individually to 169 3- to 4-year-old children enrolled in Head Start programs. We carried out a Mokken scale analysis (MSA), which is a nonparametric item response theory analysis, to examine the hierarchy among items and the reliability of test scores of the PLS-5 Auditory Comprehension (AC) and Expressive Communication (EC) scales.

Modeling Measurement Errors of the Exogenous Composites From Congeneric Measures in Interaction Models.

We investigated the performance of two single indicator methods: latent moderated structural equation (LMS) and reliability-adjusted product indicator (RAPI) methods, on testing interaction effects with congeneric measures, which vary in factor loadings and error variances under a common factor. Additionally, in the simulation study, we compared the performance of four reliability estimates (Cronbach's alpha, omega composite, Coefficient , and greatest lower bound [GLB]) to adjust for the exogenous composites' measurement errors. Results from the study showed that: while estimating interaction effects with exogenous composites from congeneric measures, the four reliability estimates performed comparably well.

Applying methods for personalized medicine to the treatment of alcohol use disorder.

Objective: Numerous behavioral treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) are effective, but there are substantial individual differences in treatment response. This study examines the potential use of new methods for personalized medicine to test for individual differences in the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus motivational enhancement therapy (MET) and to provide predictions of which will work best for individuals with AUD. We highlight both the potential contribution and the limitations of these methods.

The Differential Importance of Component Skills on Reading Comprehension Test Performance Among Struggling Adolescent Readers.

Reading comprehension tests vary in format and characteristics, which may influence the extent to which component skills are involved in test performance. With students in Grades 6 to 8 with reading difficulties, dominance analyses examined the differential importance of component reading and language skills (word- and text-reading fluency, vocabulary, listening comprehension, and working memory) on several standardized tests of reading comprehension: , 4th edition (GMRT), , , 5th edition (GORT-5), and the (TOSREC). Students' word- and text-reading fluency skills were generally the most dominant predictors of performance on most reading comprehension tests, especially those with a time limit (GMRT and TOSREC).

Latent Class Mediation: A Comparison of Six Approaches.

Latent class mediation modeling is designed to estimate the mediation effect when both the mediator and the outcome are latent class variables. We suggest using an adjusted one-step approach in which the latent class models for the mediator and the outcome are estimated first to decide on the number of classes, then the latent class models and the mediation model are jointly estimated. We present both an empirical demonstration and a simulation study to compare the performance of this one-step approach to a standard three-step approach with modal assignment (modal) and four different modern three-step approaches.

Sensitivity Analysis of the No-Omitted Confounder Assumption in Latent Growth Curve Mediation Models.

Latent growth curve mediation models are increasingly used to assess mechanisms of behavior change. For latent growth mediation model, like any another mediation model, even with random treatment assignment, a critical but untestable assumption for valid and unbiased estimates of the indirect effects is that there should be no omitted variable that confounds indirect effects. One way to address this untestable assumption is to conduct sensitivity analysis to assess whether the inference about an indirect effect would change under varying degrees of confounding bias.

The (Lack of) Replication of Self-Reported Mindfulness as a Mechanism of Change in Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders.

The development and evaluation of mindfulness-based interventions for a variety of psychological and medical disorders has grown exponentially over the past 20 years. Yet, calls for increasing the rigor of mindfulness research and recognition of the difficulties of conducting research on the topic of mindfulness have also increased. One of the major difficulties is the measurement of mindfulness, with varying definitions across studies and ambiguity with respect to the meaning of mindfulness.

The Impact of Partial Measurement Invariance on Testing Moderation for Single and Multi-Level Data.

Moderation effect is a commonly used concept in the field of social and behavioral science. Several studies regarding the implication of moderation effects have been done; however, little is known about how partial measurement invariance influences the properties of tests for moderation effects when categorical moderators were used. Additionally, whether the impact is the same across single and multilevel data is still unknown.