Comparative efficacy of prolonged-release melatonin versus clonazepam for isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.

Purpose: Clonazepam and melatonin are recommended as first-line treatments for isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). This study aimed to compare their efficacy and safety in REM sleep without atonia (RWA) and RBD-related symptoms.

Methods: This prospective, open-label, randomized trial included patients with video-polysomnography-confirmed iRBD.

Delirium caused by topical administration of cyclopentolate for cataract surgery in mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: A case report.

Rationales: Cholinergic modification by anticholinergic medication can produce adverse effects in central nervous system (CNS) and cyclopentolate is an antimuscarinic agent widely used for ophthalmologic management. We demonstrate a rare case of hyperactive delirium caused by topical administration of cyclopentolate in a patient with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Patient Concerns: A 74-year-old man showed acute confusion after preparation for cataract operation in day surgery clinic.

Comparison of cardiac autonomic activity between positional and nonpositional obstructive sleep apnea using heart rate variability.

Objectives: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience sympathetic hyperactivation during sleep, which is associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors. However, the difference in cardiac autonomic activity in OSA patients according to position dependency has not been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the differences between positional OSA (pOSA) and nonpositional OSA (npOSA) using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis.

Subclinical Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Study with Ultrasonography.

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an advanced form of atherosclerosis defined by an abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI). However, the ABI provides no information about the location of atherosclerosis. We investigated the clinical implication of PAD confirmed using lower-extremity ultrasonography (LEUS), with consideration of the atherosclerosis location.

Safety and Efficacy of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid from Fermented Rice Germ in Patients with Insomnia Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial.

Background And Purpose: This study aimed to determine the subjective and objective improvements in sleep quality after treatment with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA; 300 mg daily) extracted from unpolished rice germ.

Methods: This study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. In total, 40 patients who complained of insomnia symptoms were enrolled and randomly assigned to the GABA treatment group (n=30) or the placebo group (n=10).