Dexmedetomidine improves the circulatory dysfunction of the glymphatic system induced by sevoflurane through the PI3K/AKT/ΔFosB/AQP4 pathway in young mice.

Multiple sevoflurane exposures may damage the developing brain. The neuroprotective function of dexmedetomidine has been widely confirmed in animal experiments and human studies. However, the effect of dexmedetomidine on the glymphatic system has not been clearly studied.

Comparative Efficacy of Drug Interventions on NAFLD Over 24 Weeks: A Traditional and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background And Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), currently referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), affects approximately 38% of the world's population, yet no pharmacological therapies have been approved for treatment. We conducted a traditional and network meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of drug regimens on NAFLD, and continued to use the old terminology for consistency.

Methods: Randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) investigating drug therapy in an adult population diagnosed with NAFLD with or without diabetes mellitus were included.

DAHOS Study: Efficacy of dapagliflozin in treating heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome - A 3-month, multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: The recent discovery of new therapeutic approaches to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), including sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, as well as improved treatment of co-morbidities has provided much needed help to HFrEF. In addition, dapagliflozin, one of the SGLT-2 inhibitors, serves as a promising candidate in treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) of HFrEF patients due to its likely mechanism of countering the pathophysiology of OSA of HFrEF.

Methods: This 3-month multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial enrolled participants with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 40% and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) greater than 15.

Contamination Status and Acute Dietary Exposure Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish in the Dalian Area of the Yellow-Bohai Sea, China.

The Yellow-Bohai Sea is an important semi-enclosed continental shelf marginal seas with an intensive aquaculture industry in China. The current study analyzed the contamination status and the time variations of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in shellfish between 2019 and 2020 from the Yellow-Bohai Sea in the Dalian area and estimated the acute health risks to consumers in China. A total of 199 shellfish samples (including 34 Pacific oysters, 25 Mediterranean blue mussels, 34 Manila clams, 36 bay scallops, 34 veined rapa whelks and 36 bloody clams) were analyzed from four representative aquaculture zones around the Yellow-Bohai Sea in Dalian.

Serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 in patients with heart failure and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) combined with heart failure (HF) has become a serious disease that threatens human health. Therapeutic interventions targeting OSAS have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with HF, so the identification of severe OSAS in HF is critical. Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) is associated with inflammation and volume overload.

The mediating role of AKT/ERK/JNK signaling on the malignant phenotype of microcystin-LR in gastric adenocarcinoma cells.

Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), a widely distributed and highly toxic environmental pollutant, plays crucial roles in cancer malignancy by activating characteristically toxic signaling pathways. Traditional animal-based toxicity evaluation methods have proven insufficient for identifying the specific role of these signaling pathways. Therefore, this study aimed to uncover the regulatory relationship between the toxic pathways and the progression of gastric cancer (GC).

Automatic epicardial adipose tissue segmentation in pulmonary computed tomography venography using nnU-Net.

Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a key aspect in the investigation of cardiac pathophysiology. We sought to develop a deep learning (DL) model for fully automatic extraction and quantification of EAT through pulmonary computed tomography venography (PCTV) images.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 128 patients with atrial fibrillation and PCTV from 2 hospitals.

Single-Dose Rifapentine in Household Contacts of Patients with Leprosy.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that a single dose of rifampin has protective effects against leprosy in close contacts of patients with the disease. Rifapentine was shown to have greater bactericidal activity against than rifampin in murine models of leprosy, but data regarding its effectiveness in preventing leprosy are lacking.

Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomized, controlled trial to investigate whether single-dose rifapentine is effective in preventing leprosy in household contacts of patients with leprosy.

Vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene and risk of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between the intake of vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene, and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane library, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched from inception to 29 August 2022 for observational studies reporting the odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) or hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PD by Vitamin C/Vitamin E/β-carotene intake. Random-effects models, publication bias assessment, subgroup, sensitivity and dose-response analyses were performed, using.

Evaluation of graphical models for multi-group metabolomics data.

Gaussian graphical model is a strong tool for identifying interactions from metabolomics data based on conditional correlation. However, data may be collected from different stages or subgroups of subjects with heterogeneity or hierarchical structure. There are different integrating strategies of graphical models for multi-group data proposed by data scientists.

Metabolomic transition trajectory and potential mechanisms of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine induced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in rats.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an environment-relevant malignancy with a high mortality. Nitrosamines, a class of nitrogen-containing environmental carcinogens, are widely suggested as a risk factor for ESCC. However, how nitrosamines affect metabolic regulation to promote ESCC tumorigenesis is largely unknown.

Comparison of LPS and MS-induced depressive mouse model: behavior, inflammation and biochemical changes.

Depression is a mental disease involving complex pathophysiological mechanisms, and there are many ways to establish depressive mouse models. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively compare the behavioral changes and its mechanism induced by two different models. This study established two depressive mouse models by maternal separation (MS) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and added fluoxetine treatment group respectively for comparison.

Evaluation of a multicomponent intervention to shorten thrombolytic door-to-needle time in stroke patients in China (MISSION): A cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Background: Rapid intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is crucial for improving outcomes. However, few randomized trials of interventions aimed at reducing in-hospital delay have been carried out in China. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a multicomponent intervention on thrombolytic door-to-needle time (DNT) of AIS patients via video teleconference based on the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) method.

Study on the Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Flavonoids and Its Screen of Small Molecule Active Components.

Firstly, the antioxidant capacity of total flavonoids that was extracted from was determined by ABTS+·radical-scavenging method, and MTT assay was used to mensurate the anti-tumor activity of total flavonoids In Vitro. Subsequently, the extraction conditions of flavonoids were optimized by the response surface methodology, the antioxidant activity was investigated simultaneously. Furthermore, the anti-tumor activity mechanism of flavonoids was simulated by molecular docking software.

Ketamine promotes the amyloidogenic pathway by regulating endosomal pH.

Ketamine is an anesthetic and addictive drug that can cause cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Studies have shown that carboxy-terminal fragment derived from β-secretase (CTF-β) and amyloid beta (Aβ), the amyloidogenic products of amyloid precursor protein (APP), can also induce neuroinflammation and impair cognitive function. However, it remains unclear whether ketamine regulates the amyloidogenic pathway.

Association between Dietary Nitrate, Nitrite Intake, and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: People consume nitrates, nitrites, nitrosamines, and NOCs compounds primarily through processed food. Many studies have yielded inconclusive results regarding the association between cancer and dietary intakes of nitrates and nitrites. This study aimed to quantify these associations across the reported literature thus far.

Patterns of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecologic Problems in China: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study of 97,252 Patients.

Study Objective: To describe the pattern and population characteristics of pediatric and adolescent gynecologic (PAG) problems in China DESIGN: A clinic-based retrospective study of gynecologic patients (aged 0-18 years) over a period of 13 years SETTING: Department of PAG in the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine PARTICIPANT: The final analyses included 97,252 patients with gynecologic problems.

Interventions/methods: Descriptive analysis was conducted to evaluate the pattern of PAG problems.

Main Outcome Measures: Spectrum of PAG problems RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The number of first-visit PAG patients increased from 4,582 to 11,876 from 2006 to 2018.

Fresh fruit consumption, physical activity, and five-year risk of mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective follow-up study.

Background And Aims: We explored the associations among fruit consumption, physical activity, and their dose-response relationship with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods And Results: We prospectively followed 20,340 community-dwelling type 2 diabetic patients aged 21-94 years. Information on diets and physical activity was collected using standardized questionnaires.

Metabolomics-based molecular signatures reveal the toxic effect of co-exposure to nitrosamines in drinking water.

Nitrosamines, a group of emerging nitrogenous pollutants, are ubiquitously found in the drinking water system. However, less is known about how systemic biological responses resist or tolerate nitrosamines, especially long-term co-exposure at low concentrations. In this study, untargeted metabolomics was used to investigate the metabolic perturbations in human esophageal epithelial Het-1A cells induced by a mixture of nine common nitrosamines in drinking water at environmentally relevant, human-internal-exposure, and genotoxic concentrations.

Eleocharis dulcis corm: phytochemicals, health benefits, processing and food products.

Eleocharis dulcis, an aquatic plant belonging to Cyperaceae family, is indigenous to Asia, and also occurs in tropical Africa and Australia. The edible corm part of E. dulcis is a commonly consumed aquatic vegetable with a planting area of 44.

Effects of sleep apnea hypopnea syndromes on cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Previous studies suggest that sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is an independent risk factor that contributes to certain cardiovascular events. However, there are studies arguing that patients with SAHS had lower peak troponin levels when suffering cardiovascular events compared to patients without SAHS, which indicates that there may potentially be a protective effect of SAHS. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of SAHS on cardiovascular events.

Efficacy and cost of different treatment in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Background: Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is the most common pathological type of adult nephrotic syndrome. However, the treatments for IMN patients had not been compared from the perspectives of therapeutic effect and pharmacoeconomics. Therefore, a network meta-analysis and a cost-effectiveness analysis were conducted to find the optimum treatment for IMN patients.

Drinking-water nitrate and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Nitrate is an inorganic compound that occurs naturally in all surface and groundwater, although higher concentrations tend to occur only where fertilizers are used on the land. The regulatory limit for nitrate in public drinking water supplies was set to protect against infant methemoglobinemia, but other health effects were not considered. Risk of specific cancers and congenital disabilities may be increased when the nitrate is ingested, and nitrate is reduced to nitrite, which can react with amines and amides by nitrosation to form N-nitroso compounds which are known animal carcinogens.

Bibliometric Analysis of Ebola Research Indexed in Web of Science and Scopus (2010-2020).

Background: Within the past decade, Africa has faced several recurrent outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (EVD), including the 2014-2016 outbreak in West Africa and the recent 2018-2020 Kivu outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The study thus aimed at quantifying and mapping the scientific output of EVD research published within 2010-2020 though a bibliometric perspective.

Methods: EVD-related publications from 2010 to 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases by using the keywords 'Ebola', 'Ebola Virus Disease', 'Ebolas', and 'ebolavirus'.