Bacillus simplex treatment promotes soybean defence against soybean cyst nematodes: A metabolomics study using GC-MS.

We aimed to profile the metabolism of soybean roots that were infected with soybean cyst nematodes and treated with Bacillus simplex to identify metabolic differences that may explain nematode resistance. Compared with control soybean roots, B. simplex-treated soybean roots contained lower levels of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and trehalose, which reduced the nematodes' food source.

[Responses of shallow soil water content in Artemisia ordosica community to different rainfall patterns].

The shrub species, Artemisia ordosica, commonly occurs in the eastern Hobq desert. Here, we used a micrometeorological observation system to continuously monitor the rainfall and soil water content in 0-10, 10-30, and 30-50 cm soil layers during the growing season from 2016 to 2018. The dynamic spatial and temporal changes in soil water content under different rainfall patterns were examined, and the replenishing effects of rainfall events on soil water content and water infiltration characteristics were analyzed.

[Variations of soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity in the reversion process of desertification in the eastern Hobq Desert, China].

To clarify the effects of desertification reversal on soil respiration rate (R) and its temperature sensitivity (Q), five different reversal stages were selected: mobile dune, semi-fixed sandland, algae crust fixed sandland, lichen crust fixed sandland, and moss crust fixed sandland in the eastern Hobq Desert. R at different stages were measured by static chamber-gas chromatography and the Q was calculated. We analyzed the effects of environmental factors on R.

SNARE proteins SYP22 and VAMP727 negatively regulate plant defense.

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are the key regulators control trafficking of cargo proteins to their final destinations and plays key role in plant development; however, their roles in plant defense remain largely unknown. R-SNARE VAMP727 and Qa-SNARE SYP22 were previously reported to associate with vacuolar protein deposition and brassinosteroids (BRs) receptor BRI1 plasma membrane targeting. Here, we identified that VAMP727 and SYP22 are induced by infection of root-knot nematode (RKN), a plant pathogen, which cause severe growth defect and yield loss.

Greenhouse gas fluxes at different growth stages of biological soil crusts in eastern Hobq desert, China.

We analyzed greenhouse gas fluxes at the different growth stages of algae and lichen crusts in fixed sand with mobile dune as control in the eastern Hobq Desert, China, using the spatio-temporal substitution method. We explored the correlation of these fluxes with environmental factors and with biological soil crust growth. The results showed that variation of CO fluxes followed the order: lichen crust (128.

[Characteristics of soil microorganisms and soil nutrients in different sand-fixation shrub plantations in Kubuqi Desert, China].

Three types of sand-fixation shrub plantations, including Artemisia ordosica + Hedysarum fruticosum, Caragana korshinskii and Salix psammophila, were selected in the eastern area of Kubuqi Desert to study the changes in soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), quantities of soil microorganisms, contents of soil nutrients and the relations among these variables under the different plantation types and shifting sandy land. The restoration effects of each plantation type on soil quality were assessed by synthetic index method. The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and phosphorus, and available nitrogen and phosphorus under different plantations were all significantly greater than those under shifting sandy land, and the order of increase was A.

Integrative View of the Diversity and Evolution of SWEET and SemiSWEET Sugar Transporters.

Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) and SemiSWEET are recently characterized families of sugar transporters in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, respectively. SemiSWEETs contain 3 transmembrane helices (TMHs), while SWEETs contain 7. Here, we performed sequence-based comprehensive analyses for SWEETs and SemiSWEETs across the biosphere.

Descriptions of two new record species of Scutellonema (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from China.

From 2011 to 2012, we collected Scutellonema commune from the rhizosphere soil of coconut (cocos nucifera L.) and Scutellonema magniphasma from the rhizosphere soil of Rosa chinensis in Shenyang, China. S.

Description of a new Pratylenchus species from China (Tylenchida, Pratylenchidae).

Pratylenchus ekrami from maize (Zea mays) roots in Shenyang and luffa (Luffa cylindrica) roots in Dalian, China, are described in this paper. Nematodes from the two areas were identified consistently, and were characterized by a heavy cephalic sclerotization, extending posteriorly up to two body annuli, stylet 11-13 μm long, elongating conoid tail, and becoming thinner from vulva. Males were not found.