Body composition as a biomarker for assessing future lung cancer risk.

Purpose: To investigate if body composition is a biomarker for assessing the risk of developing lung cancer.

Materials And Methods: Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans from the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study (PLuSS) (n=3,635, 22 follow-up years) and NLST-ACRIN (n=16,435, 8 follow-up years) cohorts were used in the study. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms were developed to automatically segment and quantify subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), skeletal muscle (SM), and bone.

Extracellular vesicle-functionalized bioactive scaffolds for bone regeneration.

The clinical need for effective bone regeneration in compromised conditions continues to drive demand for innovative solutions. Among emerging strategies, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise as an acellular approach for bone regeneration. However, their efficacy is hindered by rapid sequestration and clearance when administered via bolus injection.

Hyperuricemia suppresses lumican, exacerbating adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction by promoting fibroblast phenotype transition.

Background: Hyperuricemia is independently associated with a poor prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Furthermore, MI induces activation of the repair response in local fibroblasts, resulting in extracellular matrix accumulation that generates a stable fibrotic scar in the infarcted area. However, researchers have not determined whether hyperuricemia affects fibroblast activation and its involvement in postinfarction cardiac remodeling.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: A crucial mediator in ocular disease pathogenesis and therapeutic target.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a pivotal nuclear receptor involved in mediating cellular responses to a wide range of environmental pollutants and endogenous ligands. AHR plays a central role in regulating essential physiological processes, including xenobiotic metabolism, immune response modulation, cell cycle control, tumorigenesis, and developmental events. Recent studies have identified AHR as a critical mediator and a potential therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases.

A competing-risk nomogram for predicting gastric cancer-specific survival in patients over 70 years: A SEER-based study.

Background: Cancer-specific survival in older patients with gastric cancer is competitively affected by death from other causes. This study aimed to investigate cancer-specific survival and associated risk factors by competing-risk analysis in older patients with gastric cancer.

Methods: The data of this study are from the SEER database, using univariable and multivariable analysis of competitive risk model to weaken the impact of competitive events, explore the risk factors of cancer-specific survival, and developed a nomogram model.

Effects of remimazolam and surgery on cognition in a tibia fracture mouse model.

Background: To investigate the effects of remimazolam and surgery on cognitive function and neuropathology.

Methods: We performed intramedullary pin fixation of tibial fractures in wild-type male (12-13-week-old) C57BL/6J mice under intraperitoneal anesthesia with remimazolam. Age-matched wild-type control mice received either saline or remimazolam without surgery.

Inhibition of Glutamate-to-Glutathione Flux Promotes Tumor Antigen Presentation in Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells display remarkable adaptability, orchestrating metabolic changes that confer growth advantages, pro-tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic resistance. One such metabolic change occurs in glutamine metabolism. Colorectal tumors with high glutaminase (GLS) expression exhibited reduced T cell infiltration and cytotoxicity, leading to poor clinical outcomes.

Delivery and kinetics of immersion optical clearing agents in tissues: Optical imaging from ex vivo to in vivo.

Advanced optical imaging provides a powerful tool for the structural and functional analysis of tissues with high resolution and contrast, but the imaging performance decreases as light propagates deeper into the tissue. Tissue optical clearing technique demonstrates an innovative way to realize deep-tissue imaging and have emerged substantially in the last two decades. Here, we briefly reviewed the basic principles of tissue optical clearing techniques in the view of delivery strategies via either free diffusion or external forces-driven advection, and the commonly-used optical techniques for monitoring kinetics of clearing agents in tissue, as well as their ex vivo to in vivo applications in multiple biomedical research fields.

Multifunctional Smart Fabrics with Integration of Self-Cleaning, Energy Harvesting, and Thermal Management Properties.

Due to their good wearability, smart fabrics have gradually developed into one of the important components of multifunctional flexible electronics. Nevertheless, function integration is typically accomplished through the intricate stacking of diverse modules, which inevitably compromises comfort and elevates processing complexities. The integration of these discrete functional modules into a unified design for smart fabrics represents a superior solution.

ITFG2 as a NEDD4-2 inhibitor: Preserving calcium homeostasis to prevent myocardial ischemic injury.

This study aimed to investigate the role of ITFG2, a protein highly expressed in cardiac tissues, in myocardial ischemic injury and its potential interactions with NEDD4-2. An in vivo myocardial infarction (MI) model was induced in mice via left anterior descending artery ligation, and ITFG2 expression was modulated using adeno-associated virus AAV9 vectors. Echocardiography was used to assess cardiac function, and primary mouse cardiomyocytes were cultured and subjected to hypoxia.

Edge Detection Imaging by Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum.

Optical metasurfaces have revolutionized analog computing and image processing at subwavelength scales with faster speed and lower power consumption. They typically involve spatial differentiation with an engineered angular dispersion. Quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) have emerged as powerful tools for customizing optical resonances.

Binary Iron-Manganese Cocatalyst for Simultaneous Activation of C-C and C-O Bonds to Maximally Utilize Lignin for Syngas Generation over InGaN.

Solar-powered lignin reforming offers a carbon-neutral route for syngas production. This study explores a dual non-precious iron-manganese cocatalyst to simultaneously activate both C-C and C-O bonds for maximizing the utilization of various substituents of native lignin to yield syngas. The cocatalyst, integrated with InGaN nanowires on a Si wafer, affords a measurable syngas evolution rate of 42.

POSTN promotes the progression of NSCLC via regulating TNFAIP6 expression.

Aberrant upregulation of Periostin (POSTN) expression has been implicated in various disease-related pathological cascades, notably inflammatory responses, fibrotic processes and tumor progression, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study aimed to elucidate the functional role and underlying mechanisms of POSTN in NSCLC. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis consistently revealed elevated POSTN levels in NSCLC tissues and cell lines.

MIKC*-type MADS transcription factors control JINGUBANG expression and the degree of pollen dormancy in Arabidopsis.

While pollen dormancy has been proposed to play a necessary role in sexual reproduction, it remains poorly understood. Here, we used traditional pollen germination assays to characterize dormancy. Our results underscore variation in the degree of dormancy between individual pollen grains.

An analytical heat transfer model for transient Raman thermometry analysis.

Transient Raman thermometry improves on its steady-state counterpart by eliminating the error-prone steps of temperature calibration and laser absorption measurement. However, the accompanying complex heat transfer process often requires numerical analysis, such as the finite element method, to decipher the measured data. This step can be time-consuming, inconvenient, and difficult to derive a physical understanding of the heat transfer process involved.

Hemin attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice by regulating the TGF-β1/MAPK and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α/HO-1/NF-κB pathways.

The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect and potential mechanism of action of hemin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control, bleomycin and bleomycin + hemin groups. Mice in the bleomycin and bleomycin + hemin groups were injected intratracheally with bleomycin to establish the pulmonary fibrosis model.

The Maize Gene Confers Salt and Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Plants.

Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive and cytotoxic α-oxoaldehyde compound, can over-accumulate under abiotic stress, consequently injuring plants or even causing death. Glyoxalase I (GLYI), the first enzyme of the glyoxalase pathway, plays multiple roles in the detoxification of MG and in abiotic stress responses. However, the gene in maize has been little studied in response to abiotic stress.

Strategies to Target Chemoradiotherapy Resistance in Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a lethal form of lung cancer with few treatment options and a high rate of relapse. While SCLC is initially sensitive to first-line DNA-damaging chemo- and radiotherapy, relapse disease is almost universally therapy-resistant. As a result, there has been interest in understanding the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in this disease.

Chloramphenicol Interferes with 50S Ribosomal Subunit Maturation via Direct and Indirect Mechanisms.

Chloramphenicol (CAM), a well-known broad-spectrum antibiotic, inhibits peptide bond formation in bacterial ribosomes. It has been reported to affect ribosome assembly mainly through disrupting the balance of ribosomal proteins. The present study investigates the multifaceted effects of CAM on the maturation of the 50S ribosomal subunit in ().