The Trajectory of KoRV-A Evolution Indicates Initial Integration into the Koala Germline Genome Near Coffs Harbour.

Background Koala Retrovirus-A is a gamma-retrovirus that is spreading across wild koala populations through horizontal and vertical transmission, contributing significantly to genomic diversity across and even within koala populations. Previous studies have estimated that KoRV-A initially integrated into the koala genome less than 50,000 years ago, but the precise origins and the patterns of spread after its endogenization remain unclear. Results In this study, we analyzed germline insertions of KoRV-A using whole-genome sequencing data from 405 wild koalas, representing nearly the species' entire geographic range.

Deaminase-mediated chromatin accessibility profiling with single-allele resolution.

Binding of transcription factors (TFs) at gene regulatory elements controls cellular epigenetic state and gene expression. Current genome-wide chromatin profiling approaches have inherently limited resolution, complicating assessment of TF occupancy and co-occupancy, especially at individual alleles. In this work, we introduce Accessible Chromatin by Cytosine Editing Site Sequencing with ATAC-seq (ACCESS-ATAC), which harnesses a double-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase (Ddd) enzyme to stencil TF binding locations within accessible chromatin regions.

Insights into the progressive impact of high-fat-diet induced insulin resistance on skeletal muscle and myocardium: A comprehensive study on C57BL6 mice.

This study aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the future management of diabetes at various stages induced by a high-fat diet. Specifically, it seeks to determine the appropriate pharmacological interventions for each phase of diabetes development and the targeted therapeutic directions at different stages of diabetes progression. This investigation employed C57BL6 mice as experimental subjects, successfully establishing an insulin resistance model through a 12-week high-fat diet.

Melittin inhibits MPP-induced HT22 cell death by suppressing Bax activation and improving mitochondrial function.

Melittin (MEL) is the main bioactive component of bee venom and has been reported to have various pharmacological effects. This study investigates the protective effect of MEL on MPP-injured HT22 cells and the possible mechanisms involved. We treated the cells with 4 mM MPP for 24 h to induce a cellular injury model.

Spatiotemporal variation and transport of Cs in the Beibu Gulf.

The temporal variation and transport of Cs in the Beibu Gulf (BG) are still poorly understood. Here we measured Cs concentrations in the BG water column and surface sediments during 2022. We found that Cs in the BG water column was controlled by the movement and mixing of local water masses.

Thermally Stimulated Spin Switching Accelerates Water Electrolysis.

Water electrolysis suffers from electron transfer barriers during oxygen evolution reactions, which are spin-related for magnetic materials. Here, the electron transfer at the Fe_{64}Ni_{36}-FeNiO_{x}H_{y} interface is effectively accelerated when the electrode is heated to trigger the Invar effect in Fe_{64}Ni_{36} Invar alloy, providing more unoccupied orbitals as electron transfer channels without pairing energy. As a result of thermally stimulated changes in electronic states, Fe_{64}Ni_{36}/FeNiO_{x}H_{y} achieved a cascaded oxidation of the catalytic center and water.

R(3780) Resonance Interpreted as the 1^{3}D_{1}-Wave Dominant State of Charmonium from Precise Measurements of the Cross Section of e^{+}e^{-}→Hadrons.

We report the precise measurements of the cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons at center-of-mass energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV.

Weakly supervised deep learning-based classification for histopathology of gliomas: a single center experience.

Multiple artificial intelligence systems have been created to facilitate accurate and prompt histopathological diagnosis of tumors using hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides. We aimed to investigate whether weakly supervised deep learning can aid in glioma diagnosis. We analyzed 472 whole slide images (WSIs) from 226 patients in West China Hospital (WCH) and 1604 WSIs from 880 patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Mechanosensor YAP mediates bone remodeling via NF-κB p65 induced osteoclastogenesis during orthodontic tooth movement.

Background: Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a crucial mechanosensor involved in mechanotransduction, but its role in regulating mechanical force-induced bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is unclear. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between mechanotransduction and mechanical force-induced alveolar bone remodeling during OTM.

Results: Our study confirms an asynchronous (temporal and spatial sequence) remodeling pattern of the alveolar bone under mechanical force during OTM.

Targeting the EP2 receptor ameliorates inflammatory bowel disease in mice by enhancing the immunosuppressive activity of T cells.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by unrestrained innate and adaptive immune responses and compromised intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Regulatory T (T) cells are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis in intestinal tissues. Prostaglandin E (PGE), a bioactive lipid compound derived from arachidonic acid, can modulate T cell functions in a receptor subtype-specific manner.

Phycocyanin hexamers and their associated linker polypeptides in phycobilisomes from the marine red alga Polysiphonia urceolata.

Pure phycocyanin (PC) hexamers from red algae were first prepared in this research. PC hexamers are helpful for studying the role and mechanism of PCs in energy transfer within phycobilisomes from red algae. The PC hexamers from Polysiphonia urceolata are stable at lower pH (pH 5.

Inspect quantitative signals in placental histopathology: Computer-assisted multiple functional tissues identification through multi-model fusion and distillation framework.

Pathological analysis of placenta is currently a valuable tool for gaining insights into pregnancy outcomes. In placental histopathology, multiple functional tissues can be inspected as potential signals reflecting the transfer functionality between fetal and maternal circulations. However, the identification of multiple functional tissues is challenging due to (1) severe heterogeneity in texture, size and shape, (2) distribution across different scales and (3) the need for comprehensive assessment at the whole slide image (WSI) level.

TNF/TNFR Superfamily Members in Costimulation of T Cell Responses-Revisited.

Prosurvival tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily (TNFRSF) members on T cells, including 4-1BB, CD27, GITR, and OX40, support T cell accumulation during clonal expansion, contributing to T cell memory. During viral infection, tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) members on inflammatory monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells (APCs) provide a postpriming signal (signal 4) for T cell accumulation, particularly in the tissues. Patients with loss-of-function mutations in TNFR/TNFSF members reveal a critical role for 4-1BB and CD27 in CD8 T cell control of Epstein-Barr virus and other childhood infections and of OX40 in CD4 T cell responses.

Fluorination of Aza-BODIPY for Cancer Cell Plasma Membrane-Targeted Imaging and Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds great potential in cancer treatment, leveraging photosensitizers (PSs) to deliver targeted therapy. Fluorination can optimize the physicochemical and biological properties of PSs for better PDT performance. Here, we report some high-performance multifunctional PSs specifically designed for cancer PDT by fluorinating aza-BODIPY with perfluoro--butoxymethyl (PFBM) groups.

SIGIRR plays a dual role in zebrafish infected with Edwardsiella piscicida: Boosting digestive system wellness and mitigating inflammation.

Single immunoglobulin interleukin-1 receptor-associated protein (SIGIRR) negatively regulates the inflammatory response induced by bacterial infection by inhibiting the excessive synthesis of inflammatory mediators and overactivation. This inhibitory mechanism reduces the fish's susceptibility to pathogens and enhances survival rates. Zebrafish lacking the SIGIRR gene were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout technology.

Tetrachlorantraniliprole induces neurodevelopmental toxicity through oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and dysregulation of Wnt signaling pathway.

Tetrachlorantraniliprole (TCTP) is a novel bisamide insecticide and widely used to protect against lepidopteran insect species. However, the application of TCTP in rice fields often leads to water pollution, posing threats to aquatic organisms and potentially to human health. Few studies have assessed the toxic effects of TCTP on aquatic animals.

Clinical Radiologic Analysis of 2964 Papillary Breast Lesions.

Clinical management of papillary breast lesions (PBLs) remains controversial. Our objective was to analyze the independent risk factors associated with malignant PBLs. A retrospective review of clinical variables in 2964 patients with papillary lesions available for evaluation.

Conference 2024: Building an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health.

The Conference 2024 provides a platform to promote the development of an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health. The four key components - Technology, Research (Biology), Academic journals, and Social media - form a synergistic ecosystem. Advanced technologies drive biological research, which generates novel insights that are disseminated through academic journals.

Strongly absorbing molecules make tissue transparent: a new insight for understanding tissue optical clearing.

Optical imaging plays a central role in the field of biomedicine, but it suffers from the light scattering of tissues. The research group from Stanford University has reported a counterintuitive observation that strongly absorbing molecules could achieve optical transparency in live animals, providing a new insight for understanding tissue optical clearing. It empowers scientists to leverage optical imaging techniques for in vivo observation of a wide range of deep-seated structures and activities.

Thyroid lobectomy for unilateral TNM T1 and T2 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with lateral lymph node metastasis.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic outcomes of thyroidectomy extent in unilateral TNM T1 or T2 papillary thyroid carcinoma with lateral lymph node metastasis.

Methods: Retrospective data were collected from unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with unilateral lymph node metastasis who underwent surgery at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from 2011 to 2022. Patients were categorized into 2 groups based on the extent of the thyroidectomy (total thyroidectomy versus lobectomy).