Irisin is involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological conditions, metabolism, and survival. We and others have demonstrated that irisin contributes critically to modulation of insulin resistance and the improvement of cardiac function. However, whether the deletion of irisin will regulate cardiac function and insulin sensitivity in type II diabetes remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Pulmonary disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality, but the majority of the people in the world lack access to diagnostic imaging for its assessment. We conducted an implementation assessment of a potentially sustainable and cost-effective model for delivery of volume sweep imaging (VSI) lung teleultrasound in Peru. This model allows image acquisition by individuals without prior ultrasound experience after only a few hours of training.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBreast ultrasound provides a first-line evaluation for breast masses, but the majority of the world lacks access to any form of diagnostic imaging. In this pilot study, we assessed the combination of artificial intelligence (Samsung S-Detect for Breast) with volume sweep imaging (VSI) ultrasound scans to evaluate the possibility of inexpensive, fully automated breast ultrasound acquisition and preliminary interpretation without an experienced sonographer or radiologist. This study was conducted using examinations from a curated data set from a previously published clinical study of breast VSI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIrisin, a cleaved product of the fibronectin type III domain containing protein-5, is produced in the muscle tissue, which plays an important role in modulating insulin resistance. However, it remains unknown if irisin provides a protective effect against the detrimental outcomes of hemorrhage. Hemorrhages were simulated in male CD-1 mice to achieve a mean arterial blood pressure of 35-45 mmHg, followed by resuscitation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Pulmonary disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children, but most of the world lacks diagnostic imaging for its assessment. Lung ultrasound is a portable, low-cost, and highly accurate imaging modality for assessment of pulmonary pathology including pneumonia, but its deployment is limited secondary to a lack of trained sonographers. In this study, we piloted a low-cost lung teleultrasound system in rural Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic using lung ultrasound volume sweep imaging (VSI) that can be operated by an individual without prior ultrasound training circumventing many obstacles to ultrasound deployment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIrisin is a myokine that primarily targets adipose tissue, where it increases energy expenditure and contributes to the beneficial effects of exercise through the browning of white adipose tissue. As our knowledge has deepened in recent years, muscle has been found to be a major target organ for irisin as well. Several studies have attempted to characterize the role of irisin in muscle to improve glucose metabolism through mechanisms such as reducing insulin resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Dermatol
January 2021
Background: Warts are a common dermatologic complaint with an increased incidence within the pediatric population. Warts are caused by multiple strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). There is little research on how a patient's HPV immunization status affects the response to treatment of warts in pediatric patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrasound imaging is a vital component of high-quality Obstetric care. In rural and under-resourced communities, the scarcity of ultrasound imaging results in a considerable gap in the healthcare of pregnant mothers. To increase access to ultrasound in these communities, we developed a new automated diagnostic framework operated without an experienced sonographer or interpreting provider for assessment of fetal biometric measurements, fetal presentation, and placental position.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Respiratory illness is a leading cause of morbidity in adults and the number one cause of mortality in children, yet billions of people lack access to medical imaging to assist in its diagnosis. Although ultrasound is highly sensitive and specific for respiratory illness such as pneumonia, its deployment is limited by a lack of sonographers. As a solution, we tested a standardised lung ultrasound volume sweep imaging (VSI) protocol based solely on external body landmarks performed by individuals without prior ultrasound experience after brief training.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFp38 regulated/activated protein kinase (PRAK) plays a crucial role in modulating cell death and survival. However, the role of PRAK in the regulation of metabolic stress remains unclear. We examined the effects of PRAK on cell survival and mitochondrial function in C2C12 myoblasts in response to high glucose stresses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegulated/activated protein kinase (PRAK) plays a crucial role in modulating biological function. However, the role of PRAK in mediating cardiac dysfunction and metabolic disorders remains unclear. We examined the effects of deletion of PRAK on modulating cardiac function and insulin resistance in mice exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough US of the lungs is increasingly used clinically, diagnostic radiologists are not routinely trained in its use and interpretation. Lung US is a highly sensitive and specific modality that aids in the evaluation of the lungs for many different abnormalities, including pneumonia, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, and pneumothorax. This review provides an overview of lung US to equip the diagnostic radiologist with knowledge needed to interpret this increasingly used modality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Ninety-four percent of all maternal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, and the majority are preventable. Access to quality Obstetric ultrasound can identify some complications leading to maternal and neonatal/perinatal mortality or morbidity and may allow timely referral to higher-resource centers. However, there are significant global inequalities in access to imaging and many challenges to deploying ultrasound to rural areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Biol Med (Maywood)
January 2021
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in the epigenetic regulation of genetic transcription in response to stress or pathological conditions. HDACs interact with a complex co-regulatory network of transcriptional regulators, deacetylate histones or non-histone proteins, and modulate gene expression in the heart.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Irisin, a newly identified peptide, is critical to regulating metabolism, thermogenesis, and reducing oxidative stresses. Our recent works demonstrated that irisin protected the heart against myocardial ischemic injury and preserved the function of mitochondria. However, whether irisin preserves myocardial performance and attenuates insulin resistance in type II diabetes remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFp38-Regulated/activated protein kinase (PRAK) plays a critical role in modulating cellular survival and biological function. However, the function of PRAK in the regulation of myocardial ischemic injury remains unknown. This study is aimed at determining the function of PRAK in modulating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial remodeling following myocardial infarction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistone deacetylases (HDACs) play a critical role in modulating cardiac function and ischemic injury. HDAC4 was found to be elevated and activated in response to injury. However, whether HDAC4 mediates cardiac function is currently unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIrisin, a newly identified hormone and cardiokine, is critical for modulating body metabolism. New evidence indicates that irisin protects the heart against myocardial ischemic injury. However, whether irisin enhances cardiac progenitor cell (CPC)-induced cardiac repair remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNumerous studies have been made to design pattern reconfigurable THz antennas to achieve optimum performance for particular environmental conditions. However, it is still a challenge to achieve large angle beam steering for reconfigurable antenna in terahertz band. Here we propose a 360-degree beam steering THz antenna using active frequency selective surface (AFSS) based on hybrid graphene-gold structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNumerous studies have been made to design switchable terahertz absorber for the application of amplitude modulator. However, it is still a challenge to achieve large modulation range while maintaining broad bandwidth. Here, we propose a switchable broadband absorber/reflector in the low-terahertz regime.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIrisin, a newly identified hormone, is critical to modulating body metabolism, thermogenesis and reducing oxidative stresses. However, whether irisin protects the heart against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unknown. In this study, we determine the effect of irisin on myocardial I/R injury in the Langendorff perfused heart and cultured myocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistone deacetylases are recently identified to act as key regulators for cardiac pathophysiology and metabolic disorders. However, the function of histone deacetylase (HDAC) in controlling cardiac performance in Type II diabetes and obesity remains unknown. Here, we determine whether HDAC inhibition attenuates high fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiac dysfunction and improves metabolic features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIrisin is a recently identified myokine which brings increases in energy expenditure and contributes to the beneficial effects of exercise through the browning of white adipose tissues. However, its effects in the heart remains unknown. This study sought to determine the effects of irisin on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and its relationship with HDAC4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Cell Physiol
February 2016
We have demonstrated that glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) protects the heart against ischemic injury. However, the physiological mechanism by which GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) initiates cardioprotection remains to be determined. The objective of this study is to elucidate the functional roles of MAPK kinase 3 (MKK3) and Akt-1 in mediating exendin-4-elicited protection in the infarcted hearts.
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