Real world effectiveness of early ensitrelvir treatment in patients with SARS-CoV-2, a retrospective case series.

Background: Ensitrelvir, a 3C-like protease inhibitor, received emergency approval in Japan in November 2022 for treating non-hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. However, confirmation of its real-world clinical effectiveness is limited.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 18 vaccinated outpatients (15 men; median age, 39.

Recent radiotherapy could reduce heart-related death in patients with esophageal cancer: SEER database analysis.

Background: There have been several reports showing that heart-related deaths are common in long-term survivors of esophageal cancer after radiation therapy; however, radiotherapy technology is evolving year by year. This study was carried out using the SEER database to determine whether the frequency of mortality from heart disease after radiotherapy has improved over time in patients with esophageal cancer.

Methods: SEER*Stat statistical software version 8.

A Retrospective Study of Clinical Outcomes for Patients with Esophageal Cancer Who Were Treated with Radiotherapy Alone.

Introduction: Patients with esophageal cancer who are in a poor general condition receive radiotherapy alone, but outcomes are often unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to clarify recent outcomes of radiotherapy alone for esophageal cancer.

Methods: Patients who underwent 50 Gy or more of radiotherapy without chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed.

Impact of dose distribution by a 3D planning system for brachytherapy with Au grains for head and neck cancer.

Background: There has been no study in which the correlation between clinical results and dosimetry based on a 3D treatment planning system in patients with Au grains for head and neck cancer was evaluated.

Methods: Thirty-two patients who were treated with Au grains for head and neck cancer were reviewed. Twenty-five patients were treated with brachytherapy alone and seven patients were treated with a combination of brachytherapy and neoadjuvant external beam radiation therapy.

Lymphopenia after palliative radiotherapy for vertebral metastases.

Lymphopenia is a well-known side effect of radiotherapy and has been shown to have a negative impact on patient outcomes. However, the extent of lymphopenia caused by palliative radiotherapy and its effect on patient prognosis has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and severity of lymphopenia after palliative radiotherapy for vertebral metastases and to determine their effects on patients' survival outcomes.

Beginning of clinical treatment using the 1.5 Tesla MR-Linac system in Japan: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: In the field of radiation therapy, image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) technology has been gradually improving and highly accurate radiation treatment has been possible. Research on IGRT using 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) began in 1999, and a radiation therapy device called 1.

Survival prediction nomogram for patients with vertebral bone metastases treated with palliative radiotherapy.

Background: In the treatment of vertebral bone metastases, estimating patient prognosis is important to select the optimal treatment strategy. The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors for vertebral bone metastases treated with palliative radiotherapy and to establish a nomogram for predicting patient survival.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed patients who underwent palliative radiotherapy for vertebral bone metastasis between January 2010 and December 2020 at a single institution.

4.5SH RNA counteracts deleterious exonization of SINE B1 in mice.

4.5SH RNA is a highly abundant, small rodent-specific noncoding RNA that localizes to nuclear speckles enriched in pre-mRNA-splicing regulators. To investigate the physiological functions of 4.

VMAT with DIBH in hypofractionated radiotherapy for left-sided breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery: results of a non-inferiority clinical study.

The purpose of this study was to show the safety of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) in hypofractionated radiotherapy for left-sided breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery in a clinical setting. Twenty-five Japanese women, aged 20-59 years, who were enrolled in this prospective non-inferiority study received VMAT under the condition of DIBH with 42.4 Gy/16 fractions for whole-breast irradiation (WBI) ± boost irradiation for the tumor bed to show the non-inferiority of VMAT with DIBH to conventional fractionated WBI with free breathing.

Pre-treatment Evaluation of Patients Eligible for Whole Brain Radiation Therapy: The Risk of Hippocampal Metastases in a Retrospective Study of 248 Cases at a Single Institution.

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is effective for multiple brain metastases (BMs) but may impair neurocognitive function (NCF). The incidence of hippocampal metastasis (HM) is low, and the factors associated with the occurrence of HM remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of limbic system metastasis (LSM), including HM, and to analyze the risk of HM.

Intravenously engrafted human multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells rescue erectile function after rat cavernous nerve injury.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of intravenous administration of human multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells on rat postoperative erectile dysfunction (ED) with cavernous nerve (CN) injury without an immunosuppressant.

Materials And Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into three groups after CN crush injury. Either human-Muse cells, non-Muse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (both 1.

The Impact of Pathological Grade Group 3 on Relapse-free Survival After Salvage Radiotherapy for Postoperative Prostate Cancer.

Background/aim: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the outcomes of relapse-free survival (RFS) after salvage radiation therapy (SRT) to the prostate bed for postoperative biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: A total of 87 patients were analyzed. There were 27, 32, and 24 patients with pathological grade groups of 1-2, 3, and 4-5, respectively.

Real-Time Monitoring of the Structural Transition of Liquid Silk under Pressure by Solid-State NMR.

Silk fibroin is stored in the silk glands of silkworms as a condensed aqueous solution called liquid silk. It is converted into silk fibers at the silkworm's spinnerets under mechanical forces including shear stress and pressure. However, the detailed mechanism of the structural transition of liquid silk to silk fibers under pressure is not well understood.

Glasgow prognostic score for assessing the efficacy of whole-brain radiation therapy in cases of recursive partitioning analysis class 2 and class 3 multiple brain metastases: a retrospective study.

Purpose: Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) may not be beneficial for patients with brain metastases (BMs). The Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) is a suggested prognostic factor for malignancies. However, GPS has never been assessed in patients with BMs who have undergone WBRT.

Acute hematologic toxicity of radiation therapy - a comprehensive analysis and predictive nomogram.

To investigate radiation-induced cytopenia and establish predictive nomograms for hematological toxicity, we reviewed 3786 patients aged 18 or older who received radiation monotherapy between 2010 and 2021 for non-hematologic malignancies. We collected data on patient background, treatment content and hematologic toxicities for 12 weeks after the start of radiotherapy. The patients were randomly divided into training and test groups in 7:3 ratio.

Recent Postoperative Radiotherapy for Left-sided Breast Cancer Does Not Increase Mortality of Heart Disease in Asians or Pacific Islanders: SEER Database Analysis.

Background/aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of recent radiotherapy on mortality from heart disease in Asians or Pacific islanders with breast cancer using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Patients And Methods: Asians or Pacific islanders with stage 0 or I (AJCC 6th) breast cancer between 2000 and 2015 were analyzed. The impact of radiotherapy for mortality from heart disease after treatment was evaluated by comparing patients who received radiotherapy for left-sided breast cancer, patients who received radiotherapy for right-sided breast cancer and patients who did not receive radiotherapy.

Clinical impact of multimodal treatment including chemoradiotherapy, conversion surgery and postoperative chemotherapy for borderline resectable and unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer without disease progression after gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate treatment outcomes of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) using S-1 with or without conversion surgery after gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP) for borderline resectable (BR) and unresectable locally advanced (UR-LA) pancreatic cancer.

Methods: From 2016 to 2020, patients without disease progression after GnP for BR or UR-LA pancreatic cancer underwent CRT with S-1. If distant metastasis was not detected after CRT, conversion surgery and oral administration of S-1 as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for at least 6 months was performed.

Retrospective analysis of local recurrence pattern by computed tomography image-guided intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer in a single Japanese institution.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment results with focus on local control (LC) by computed tomography (CT)-guided intracavity brachytherapy and interstitial brachytherapy (ICBT/ISBT) for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).

Methods And Materials: Patients with LACC undergoing ICBT/ISBT at least once in our institution between January 2017 and June 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The primary endpoint was local control (LC), and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and late toxicities.

Development and validation of an [F]FDG-PET/CT radiomic model for predicting progression-free survival for patients with stage II - III thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who are treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy.

Background: Radiomics is a method for extracting a large amount of information from images and used to predict treatment outcomes, side effects and diagnosis. In this study, we developed and validated a radiomic model of [F]FDG-PET/CT for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) of definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) for patients with esophageal cancer.

Material And Methods: Patients with stage II - III esophageal cancer who underwent [F]FDG-PET/CT within 45 days before dCRT between 2005 and 2017 were included.

Clinical significance of completion of radium-223 treatment and acute adverse events in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Objectives: In the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with bone metastases, radium-223 dichloride (Ra-223) is the only bone-targeted drug that shows survival benefits. Completing six courses of Ra-223 treatment is thought to be associated with better patient survival, but this treatment has a relatively high rate of acute adverse events.

Methods: This retrospective study included 85 patients from 12 institutions in Japan to investigate the clinical significance of the completion of Ra-223 treatment and acute adverse events in CRPC patients.

Atypical negative pressure pulmonary edema after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy for COVID-19.

NPPE imaging findings were reported to show a preferential central and nondependent distribution. However, in our case, NPPE showed a peripheral accent pattern, resembling the ARDS pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia 4 months ago. Capillary damage from COVID-19 might still exist.

Recombinant Spider Silk Fiber with High Dimensional Stability in Water and Its NMR Characterization.

Spider dragline silk has unique characteristics of strength and extensibility, including supercontraction. When we use it as a biomaterial or material for textiles, it is important to suppress the effect of water on the fiber by as much as possible in order to maintain dimensional stability. In order to produce spider silk with a highly hydrophobic character, based on the sequence of ADF-3 silk, we produced recombinant silk (RSSP(VLI)) where all QQ sequences were replaced by VL, while single Q was replaced by I.