Glycosylase Pretreatment with Chemical Labeling-Assisted HPLC-MS/MS: An Ultrasensitive and Reliable Strategy for Quantification of 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in Genomic DNA.

8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (dOG), the dominant oxidative product of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) under high levels of reactive oxygen species, usually serves as a biomarker for oxidative stress and a risk assessment factor for various diseases. Due to the extremely low abundance of dOG and the susceptibility of dOG detection to the interference of spurious oxidation, research on related biological processes is limited by insufficient sensitivity and specificity. In this work, an ultrasensitive and reliable approach for genome-wide dOG quantification was developed through chemical labeling-assisted high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with the introduction of glycosylase pretreatment.

Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Purpose Of Review: Supplementation of nicotinamide mononucleotides (NMN) has been claimed to improve metabolic function. We reviewed human randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of NMN to evaluate its effect on markers of glucose and lipid metabolism.

Recent Findings: Eight RCTs on NMN (dosage ranged 250-2000 mg/d for a duration of 14 days to 12 weeks) involving a total of 342 middle-age/older adults (49% females, mainly non-diabetic) reporting at least one outcome on glucose control or lipid profile published in 2021-2023 were reviewed.

Protocol for adeno-associated virus-mediated optogenetic activation of olfactory output neurons in neonatal mice.

Optogenetic manipulation has proven a powerful tool for investigating the mechanisms underlying the function of neuronal networks, but implementing the technique on mammals during early development remains challenging. Here, we present a comprehensive workflow to specifically manipulate mitral/tufted cells (M/TCs), the output neurons in the olfactory circuit, mediated by adeno-associated virus (AAV) transduction and light stimulation in neonatal mice and monitor neuronal and network activity with in vivo electrophysiology. This method represents an efficient approach to elucidate functional brain development.

Preconfigured architecture of the developing mouse brain.

In the adult brain, structural and functional parameters, such as synaptic sizes and neuronal firing rates, follow right-skewed and heavy-tailed distributions. While this organization is thought to have significant implications, its development is still largely unknown. Here, we address this knowledge gap by investigating a large-scale dataset recorded from the prefrontal cortex and the olfactory bulb of mice aged 4-60 postnatal days.

Azonia-Naphthalene: A Cationic Hydrophilic Building Block for Stable N-Type Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors.

Conjugated polymers that can efficiently transport both ionic and electronic charges have broad applications in next-generation optoelectronic, bioelectronic, and energy storage devices. To date, almost all the conjugated polymers have hydrophobic backbones, which impedes efficient ion diffusion/transport in aqueous media. Here, we design and synthesize a novel hydrophilic polymer building block, 4a-azonia-naphthalene (AN), drawing inspiration from biological systems.

Olfactory bulb activity shapes the development of entorhinal-hippocampal coupling and associated cognitive abilities.

The interplay between olfaction and higher cognitive processing has been documented in the adult brain; however, its development is poorly understood. In mice, shortly after birth, endogenous and stimulus-evoked activity in the olfactory bulb (OB) boosts the oscillatory entrainment of downstream lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) and hippocampus (HP). However, it is unclear whether early OB activity has a long-lasting impact on entorhinal-hippocampal function and cognitive processing.

Prediction model for day 3 embryo implantation potential based on metabolites in spent embryo culture medium.

Background: Metabolites in spent embryo culture medium correlate with the embryo's viability. However, there is no widely accepted method using metabolite dada to predict successful implantation. We sought to combine metabolomic profiling of spent embryo culture medium and clinical variables to create an implantation prediction model as an adjunct to morphological screening of day 3 embryos.

In-source fragmentation of nucleosides in electrospray ionization towards more sensitive and accurate nucleoside analysis.

Nucleosides have been found to suffer in-source fragmentation (ISF) in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, which leads to reduced sensitivity and ambiguous identification. In this work, a combination of theoretical calculations and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed the key role of protonation at N3 near the glycosidic bond during ISF. Therefore, an ultrasensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system for 5-formylcytosine detection was developed with 300 fold signal enhancement.

O/O- exchange internal standard preparation enhancing reliability of bio-sample natural bioactive compounds absolute quantitation.

Natural bioactive compounds (NBCs) are regarded as candidates for many medical applications widely. Due to the complicated structure and biosynthesis source, only a few NBCs were supplied with commercial isotopic labeled standards. This shortage resulted in poor quantitation reliability in bio-samples for most NBCs, considering the remarkable matrix effects.

Ultrasensitive HPLC-MS Quantification of -(2-Succino) Cysteine Based on Ethanol/Acetyl Chloride Derivatization in Fumarate Accumulation Cells.

Succination is a nonenzymatic and irreversible post-translational modification (PTM) with important biological significance, yielding -(2-succino) cysteine (2SC) residue. This PTM is low in abundance and often requires a large amount of protein samples for 2SC quantification. In this work, an efficient quantification method based on ethanol/acetyl chloride chemical derivatization was developed.

Preparation of Magnesium Hydroxide Flame Retardant from Hydromagnesite and Enhance the Flame Retardant Performance of EVA.

In this study, hydromagnesite, a rare natural hydrated alkaline magnesium carbonate, was used to synthesize magnesium hydroxide (MH) as a flame retardant for ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) to enhance its fire resistance and smoke suppression. Various concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used to alter the morphology and the flame-retardant efficiency of synthesized MH. EVA/MH composites were prepared through melt blending, and the influence of NaOH on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties was investigated by means of the limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter test (CCT) and tensile test.

Simultaneous measurement of phenols by three-way fluorescence spectroscopy: A comparison of N-PLS/RBL, U-PLS/RBL and PARAFAC.

Phenol, o-cresol, p-cresol, catechol and resorcinol are five phenolic compounds with extremely similar structure. Their fluorescence spectra are hard to be analyzed because of the serious spectral overlaps between any two of the five phenolic components in the mixture system. In this experiment, multi-dimensional partial least-squares (N-PLS), unfolded partial least-squares (U-PLS) with residual bilinearization (RBL) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) are employed to analyze the three-way fluorescence spectra aiming to achieve quantitative results.

Developing a multispectral model for detection of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) changes in fish fillet using physarum network and genetic algorithm (PN-GA) method.

A multispectral model for the detection of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) changes in grass carp and salmon fillet was developed using physarum network and genetic algorithm (PN-GA) method for the first time. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR), multiple linear regressions (MLR), and principal component regression (PCR) algorithms were used to predict the DHA and EPA using optimal wavelengths selected by PN-GA. The MLR models showed the best DHA prediction results for both grass carp and salmon fillets, and also showed good prediction for EPA in grass carp fillet but poor prediction in salmon fillet.

Study on Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectral Characteristics of Heterocyclic Pesticides in Different Environmental Conditions.

The impact analysis of different environments on the fluorescence emission spectrum of pesticides is critical in detecting the concentration of pesticides. In this paper, three kinds of pesticides, carbendazim, carbaryl and fuberidazole, were selected as the research objects. Under different environment, such as different pH values and the presence of different common anion or cation, three-dimensional fluorescence spectral emission (EEM) characteristic of pesticides were analyzed.

Suitability of hyperspectral imaging for rapid evaluation of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillet.

The suitability of hyperspectral imaging technique (400-1000 nm) was investigated to determine the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value for monitoring lipid oxidation in fish fillets during cold storage at 4°C for 0, 2, 5, and 8 days. The PLSR calibration model was established with full spectral region between the spectral data extracted from the hyperspectral images and the reference TBA values and showed good performance for predicting TBA value with determination coefficients (R(2)P) of 0.8325 and root-mean-square errors of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.