[Combined approach to cataract surgery in keratoconus].

Preparation for cataract surgery in patients with keratoconus (KC) is associated with particular challenges: calculating the optical power of the intraocular lens (IOL), selecting the appropriate IOL model, and considering additional interventions aimed at stabilizing KC and reducing irregular astigmatism. This article presents a fundamentally new approach to combined treatment of KC with cataract, consisting of two stages: first, performing bandage therapeutic-optical keratoplasty (BTOK), followed by cataract phacoemulsification as the second stage.

[Retinopathy associated with thrombotic microangiopathy of mixed origin (case report)].

This article presents a clinical case of ocular thrombotic microangiopathy of mixed origin (antiphospholipid syndrome, malignant arterial hypertension, multigenic thrombophilia). Multimodal imaging of the fundus provides a detailed assessment of its structures. Pathological changes in the choroid, the "retinal pigment epithelium - Bruch's membrane" complex, and the neurosensory retina, identified using fundus photography, short-wavelength autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography, are described as nonspecific in nature.

[Functional outcomes and corneal condition in cavitation complications of femtosecond LASIK].

Unlabelled: The use of femtosecond (FS) laser in LASIK procedures for myopia correction can lead to the formation of an opaque bubble layer (OBL) in stromal layers of different densities and in various areas of the cornea.

Purpose: This study evaluated the functional outcomes and the condition of the cornea in eyes with and without OBL in randomized groups.

Material And Methods: The study included 93 patients (186 eyes) with varying degrees of myopia (from 2.

[Ocular manifestations of rheumatic diseases].

Rheumatic diseases are a large group of conditions of various origins, predominantly systemic in nature, with persistent or transient joint syndrome and involvement of other organs and systems, including the eyes. Many rheumatic diseases are characterized by specific types of ocular inflammation, which manifests through its localization, symmetry, and clinical features.

[Options for contact correction after keratoplasty].

Keratoplasty is a radical surgical method for treating various corneal pathologies. Today, there are many types of keratoplasty, each aiming to restore the integrity and transparency of the cornea. However, keratoplasty-induced ametropia often prevents achieving high visual acuity and makes impossible the use of conventional optical correction methods such as glasses or soft and traditional rigid contact lenses.

[Comparative assessment of the state of the cornea after YAG-laser interventions on anterior segment structures].

Unlabelled: YAG-laser interventions are associated with the risk of complications, including in the cornea.

Purpose: This study evaluates the condition of the cornea after laser discission (LD) of secondary cataracts (SC) and laser iridectomy (LI) using corneal confocal microscopy (CCM).

Material And Methods: Group 1 included patients with the diagnosis "Pseudophakia, secondary cataract", they underwent LD of SC.

[Possibilities of physiotherapy in glaucomatous optic neuropathy after glaucoma surgery].

The current primary approach to the therapeutic and surgical management of glaucoma is limited to lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). While normalization of IOP stabilizes some functional parameters, there is still potential for further restoration of lost visual function in the post-operative period while maintaining the "therapeutic window". Neuroprotection refers to the modification of retinal ganglion cells and the neuronal microenvironment to promote their survival and function.

[Comparative evaluation of transscleral laser exposure in anatomical experiment].

Purpose: This study comparatively analyzed the morphology of eye tissues after laser exposure using the latest generation of transscleral laser techniques - micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) and laser activation of scleral hydropermeability (LASH) - in an anatomical experiment.

Material And Methods: The study used pulsed-periodic radiation of an Er-glass fiber laser (λ=1.56 μm) and radiation of a diode laser (λ=0.

[Current capabilities of anterior segment optical coherence tomography].

Optical coherence tomography of the anterior segment of the eye (AS-OCT) is a non-invasive method based on the principles of optical reflectometry (measurement of the degree of backscattering of light passing through transparent or translucent media). Limitations of the first devices of this type were associated with insufficient image quality of the details of the anterior chamber angle and the posterior parts of the lens, primarily due to the "working" level of the scanning wavelength (within 800 μm). Fundamentally new possibilities in the structural and functional assessment of the anterior segment of the eye are associated with the introduction into clinical practice of swept-source AS-OCT device - the CASIA2 anterior optical coherence tomograph (Tomey Corporation, Japan).

[Modern techniques and features of selective keratoplasty].

Selective keratoplasty involves replacing the affected layers of the cornea with similar donor tissue. In case of pathological changes in the middle and posterior stroma, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) is performed. Chronic corneal edema caused by endothelial dysfunction is an indication for endothelial keratoplasty - Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) or Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK).

[Influence of the pattern of femtosecond laser-assisted lens nucleus fragmentation on the energy and hydrodynamic parameters of phacoemulsification].

Unlabelled: The influence of various patterns of preliminary femtosecond laser-assisted fragmentation of the lens nucleus on the energy and hydrodynamic parameters of phacoemulsification remains insufficiently studied.

Purpose: This study evaluates the influence of various patterns of preliminary femtosecond laser-assisted fragmentation of the lens nucleus on the energy, hydrodynamic parameters of phacoemulsification, and the degree of corneal endothelial cell loss.

Material And Methods: Hybrid phacoemulsification was performed in 336 patients (336 eyes) with grade IV immature cataract according to the Buratto classification in three age-matched groups.

[Rotational technique for emulsification of soft lens nucleus].

Unlabelled: Effective and atraumatic removal of a soft lens nucleus requires different surgical techniques compared to phacoemulsification of a dense nucleus.

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a non-ultrasound technique for emulsification of a soft lens nucleus.

Material And Methods: Fifty-seven patients (57 eyes) underwent surgery.

[Surgical technique for aspiration of soft lens nucleus with preoperative femtosecond laser-assisted fragmentation].

Unlabelled: Fragmentation and aspiration of soft cataracts require different surgical techniques and approaches compared to the removal of dense nuclei, including when using a femtosecond laser.

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a non-ultrasound technique for aspiration of a soft lens nucleus after its preliminary femtosecond laser-assisted fragmentation.

Material And Methods: The study included 63 patients (63 eyes) aged 23 to 40 years who underwent surgery.

[The first experience of using femtosecond laser in the treatment of anterior capsular contraction syndrome].

Unlabelled: Prevention and treatment of anterior capsular contraction syndrome (ACCS) is a relevant problem in cataract surgery.

Purpose: The study was performed to develop a femtosecond laser-assisted technique for anterior capsulotomy in anterior capsular contraction syndrome and assess its preliminary results in preventing the progression of pathological changes in the capsular bag.

Material And Methods: The examination and femtosecond laser-assisted treatment without additional surgical intervention was performed in 6 patients (6 eyes) aged 69 to 73 years with anterior capsular contraction syndrome.

[Choroidal changes in patients with diabetes mellitus].

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and considered one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. The choroid supplies blood to the retina, photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium, it is essential for metabolic exchange in the retina. Many experimental studies have reported that choroidal pathology in diabetic patients may play a role in the development of DR.

[Choroidal neovascularization in central serous chorioretinopathy].

The literature review discusses the features of the pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and antiangiogenic therapy of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), with particular attention given to the choice of antiangiogenic drug and therapy regimen to achieve optimal anatomical and functional outcomes in patients with CSC complicated by CNV.

[Clinical outcomes of laser activation of hydraulic permeability of the sclera in the treatment of advanced glaucoma].

Purpose: This study evaluates the hypotensive effect and the outcomes of intravital morphological changes in the intervention site after laser activation of scleral hydro-permeability (LASH) by pulsed-periodic radiation from an Er-glass fiber laser (=1.56 m) in patients with advanced glaucoma.

Material And Methods: LASH surgery was performed in 19 patients (19 eyes) aged 48 to 73 years with uncompensated advanced stage (IIIb-c) glaucoma.

[Intraoperative optical coherence tomography in vitreoretinal surgery].

This article reviews literature on the use of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) in vitreoretinal surgery, describes the historical aspects of the development of this technology from portable devices to optical coherence tomographs integrated into the surgical microscope, considers the advantages, limitations and disadvantages of this technology, which are now becoming obvious due to the accumulated experience. The review also explores the prospects for the development of iOCT and possible ways to solve its problems. In addition, the review presents and systematizes clinical findings that can be revealed with iOCT in such diseases as rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, macular pathology, etc.

[Faricimab: from research to clinical practice].

Development of new molecules for anti-angiogenic therapy pursues the following objectives: to increase the interval between injections, which can reduce the treatment burden; to improve the effectiveness of treatment by affecting various links of pathogenesis; to ensure a good safety profile. Faricimab is a humanized immunoglobulin G antibody that targets two key angiogenesis sites: vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). In the STAIRWAY clinical trial, faricimab was shown to produce similar results to monthly ranibizumab at longer intervals and fewer intravitreal injections in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, specifically in terms of visual preservation and reduction in central retinal thickness (CRT).

[Complications of femto-LASIK and features of cavitation injuries].

Modern approach to refractive laser surgery features three main types of lamellar surgery. Two of them are types of open laser keratomileusis (LASIK and femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK), and the third - closed (SMILE). All of these techniques allow achieving good clinical outcomes but differ in possible complications.

[Morphological evaluation of the results of laser activation of scleral hydropermeability in the treatment of glaucoma].

Purpose: The study attempted to experimentally substantiate the possibility of using the laser activation of scleral hydropermeability (LASH) technique in glaucoma treatment by morphological evaluation of treatment outcomes.

Material And Methods: The pulsed-periodic radiation from an Er-glass fiber laser (λ=1.56 μm) was used.

[Physical therapy - the main focus of modern ophthalmic rehabilitation].

Ophthalmic rehabilitation consists of improving or maintaining the functions of the visual analyzer within the possibilities of the "therapeutic window". Ophthalmic rehabilitation involves physiotherapeutic methods, as well as additional ones that improve the condition of the body and indirectly affect the organ of vision. This article presents schematic algorithms of physiotherapeutic ophthalmic stimulation in neurodystrophic diseases of the visual organ and the main results of their multifactorial objective and subjective analysis.

[Current possibilities of laser surgery on anterior eye segment].

The article summarizes the experience of recent years in the development and implementation of novel original laser technologies used in surgery of the anterior segment of the eye. The presented technology of laser activation of scleral hydropermeability (LASH) in glaucoma is based on the effect of enhanced transscleral filtration and has been shown as effective and safe, which was confirmed by the results of a comprehensive clinical and experimental study. Development of another technique was associated with the need to improve the safety of laser interventions in anterior capsule contraction syndrome in pseudophakia, and resulted in a proposition to change the configuration of the anterior lens capsule incision from the usual linear-radial to T-shaped laser anterior capsulorhexis.

[Prognostic factors and a customized approach to anti-VEGF therapy for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Analysis of the risk of macular atrophy development].

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic progressive multifactorial disease characterized by a degenerative process in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris of the fovea with secondary neuroepithelial (NE) damage. Intravitreal administration of drugs that inhibit VEGF is recognized as the only treatment for exudative form of AMD. Literature data is limited, and do not allow drawing conclusions about the influence of various factors (identified using OCT in the EDI mode) on the development of various subtypes of atrophy and their progression, so we decided to conduct our own study and research the possible timing and risks of developing various subtypes of macular atrophy in patients with exudative AMD receiving anti-VEGF therapy.

[Hybrid (femtolaser) phacoemulsification: technical aspects and functional results].

This article summarizes scientific and practical results of hybrid femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification (HFE) including study of clinical and technical aspects of the intervention and evaluation of post-surgical functional state of the eye on the basis of clinical, morphological and biomechanical data. The HFE technology should be considered the method of choice for microinvasive phaco surgery, its main advantage being the possibility of controlled handling of such important surgical stages as anterior circular continuous capsulorhexis and nucleus fragmentation on a closed eyeball, which significantly reduces the risk of complications and decreases of effective ultrasound time.