Combining brief recall and ketamine treatment prevents stress-primed methamphetamine memory reinstatement via heightening mPFC GABA activity.

This study aimed to assess whether brief recall of methamphetamine (MA) memory, when combined with ketamine (KE) treatment, may prevent stress-primed MA memory reinstatement. Combining 3-min recall and KE facilitated MA memory extinction and resistance to subsequent stress-primed reinstatement. Such combination also produced glutamate metabotropic receptor 5 (mGluR5) upregulation in animals' medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) neuron.

Medial and dorsal lateral septum involving social disruption stress-primed escalation in acid-induced writhes.

Introduction: Stress may cause prospective escalations in abdominal pain magnitude and accumbal TRPV1 expression, while central neural circuits mediating these stress effects remain unclear.

Methods: Using retrograde tracing methods, we first demonstrated the existence of a medial septal-dorsal lateral septal -accumbal circuit very likely involving social disruption stress-primed escalations in acid-induced writhes and accumbal TRPV1 level. An intersectional viral strategy and virus-carrying hM3Dq and hM4Di DREADDs were, then, employed to selectively modulate GABAergic and cholinergic neuronal activity in medial and dorsal lateral septum.

Male Stressed Mice Having Behavioral Control Exhibit Escalations in Dorsal Dentate Adult-Born Neurons and Spatial Memory.

An escapable (ES)/inescapable stress (IS) paradigm was used to study whether behavioral control and repeated footshock stressors may affect adult neurogenesis and related cognitive function. Male stressed mice having behavioral control (ES) had a short-term escalation in dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis, while similarly stressed mice having no such control had unaltered neurogenesis as compared to control mice receiving no stressors. Paradoxically, ES and IS mice had comparable stress-induced corticosterone elevations throughout the stress regimen.

Effects of Gene Deletion on Adult Cognitive/Emotional Behavior.

While various septin GTPases have been reported for their physiological functions, their roles in orchestrating complex cognitive/emotional functions in adult mammals remained scarcely explored. A comprehensive behavioral test battery was administered to two sexes of 12-week-old (SEPT14) knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. The sexually dimorphic effects of brain SEPT14 KO on inhibitory avoidance (IA) and hippocampal mGluR5 expression were noticed with greater IA latency and elevated mGluR5 level exclusively in male KO mice.

The Moderating Role of Social Support in the Relationship between Poor Mental Health and Excessive Alcohol Consumption: A Gender-Specific Analysis.

: Social support can potentially attenuate the positive relationship between poor mental health and excessive drinking. The present study tried to understand: (1) whether there is a gender-specific relationship between poor mental health and excessive drinking; and (2) if and how social support moderates the relationship between poor mental health and excessive drinking. : We analyzed the data from 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS;  = 33,705).

Stress while lacking of control induces ventral hippocampal autophagic flux hyperactivity and a depression-like behavior.

Background: Stressed animals may perform depression-like behavior insomuch as stress-provoking blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, central immune activation, and autophagic flux changes. This study was undertaken to assess whether adult mice having (executive) vs. lacking (yoke) of behavioral control in otherwise equivalent stress magnitude condition, may display differences in their BBB integrity, ventral hippocampal (VH) interleukin-6 (IL-6) and autophagic flux level and VH-related depression-like behavior.

Observer's adrenal corticosterone secretion involvement in vicarious fear conditioning.

Vicarious learning represents a far-reaching value for the survival of social animals. Adrenal hormones are known to affect many forms of learning, yet the roles of adrenal hormones in vicarious learning remain unexplored. This study was undertaken to assess whether observation-stimulated corticosterone (CORT) secretion may affect the magnitude of a vicarious fear conditioning.

[Targeted therapy of pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne syndrome (PAPA): a case report and literature review].

To analyze the clinical course and targeted therapy of pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne (PAPA) syndrome. The clinical history of a 6-year-old boy with PAPA syndrome, who was admitted to Hong Kong University Shenzhen Hospital in September 2017, was reviewed. His genetic diagnosis was confirmed by whole exome sequencing.

Refugee status is associated with double the odds of psychological distress in mid-to-late life: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Psychological distress is associated with a range of negative outcomes including lower quality of life and an increased risk of premature all-cause mortality. The prevalence of, and factors associated with, psychological distress among middle-aged and older Canadians are understudied. Using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) baseline data, this study examined factors associated with psychological distress among adults between 45 and 85 years, including refugee status and a wide range of sociodemographic, health-related and social support characteristics.

Suboptimal baseline mental health associated with 4-month premature all-cause mortality: Findings from 18 years of follow-up of the Canadian National Population Health Survey.

Objective: To investigate: 1) whether baseline non-flourishing mental health is associated with a higher probability of all-cause mortality over 18-year follow-up after controlling for many risk factors for premature mortality; and 2) what other factors, independent of mental health status, are associated with all-cause mortality after adjustment for known risk factors.

Methods: Data were derived from waves 1 and 9 (1994/1995; 2010/2011) of the Canadian National Population Health Survey. An analytic sample of 12,424 participants 18 years and above was selected.

Residential Socioeconomic Environments and Areca Nut Use in Taiwan: A Comparison with Alcohol and Tobacco Use in Multilevel Analysis.

While the association between residential socioeconomic environments and the use of globally common substances such as alcohol and tobacco has been well documented in Western countries, it remains little known about regionally important substances, such as areca nut in Asia. : This study was aimed to develop residential environmental indicators in the context of Taiwan and examine their associations with areca nut use, in comparison to alcohol and tobacco use. Data were drawn from 13,392 adults across 168 townships in the 2014 National Survey on Substance Use in Taiwan.

Psychological distress in older adults linked to immigrant status, dietary intake, and physical health conditions in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

Background: Psychological distress increases mortality risk; there is little knowledge about its prevelance and contributory factors in older populations.

Methods: Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging baseline data (2010-2015) were analyzed to examine the relationship between Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale-K10 and immigrant status (recent/mid-term,<20 years; long-term, ≥20 years; Canadian-born). Covariates included socioeconomic and health-related variables.

Sex differences and the modulating effects of gonad intactness on behavioral conformity in a mouse model.

Although gender differences in conformity are noticed in human studies, cultural norms and psychosocial factors inevitably affect such differences. Biological factors, especially the gonadal hormones and the brain regions involved, contributing to the sex differences in behavioral conformity remained scarcely explored. To prevent psychosocial and cultural norm confounds, intact and gonadectomized male and female mice were used to assess the modulating effects of gonadal hormones on behavioral conformity and such conformity-related brain regions using an approach of choice paradigm.

Depression in middle and older adulthood: the role of immigration, nutrition, and other determinants of health in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging.

Background: Little is known about depression in middle-aged and older Canadians and how it is affected by health determinants, particularly immigrant status. This study examined depression and socio-economic, health, immigration and nutrition-related factors in older adults.

Methods: Using weighted comprehensive cohort data from the baseline Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 27,162) of adults aged 45-85, gender-specific binary logistic regression was conducted with the cross-sectional data using the following variables: 1) Depression (outcome) measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression (CESD-10) rating scale; 2) Immigration status: native-born, recent and mid-term (< 20 years), and long-term immigrants (≥20 years); and 3) covariates: socioeconomic status, physical health (e.

Relevance of number and physiological status of conspecifics in preventing stress-induced decreases in newly proliferated cells and neuroblasts.

Rationale And Objective: The presence of three conspecifics prevents stress-induced decreases in newly proliferated cells and neuroblasts in mouse dentate gyrus (DG). In this study, we sought to determine how many conspecifics are required to exert these protective effects against stress. In addition, we manipulated the physiological status of those conspecifics in the context of their stress-buffering effects and used airborne oxytocin exposure as a substitute for the presence of conspecifics.

mGluR5 upregulation and the effects of repeated methamphetamine administration and withdrawal on the rewarding efficacy of ketamine and social interaction.

Repeated, recreational ketamine (KE) or methamphetamine (MA) administration seldom produce neurotoxicity, while combining MA and KE administration have been thought to render changes in neural plasticity and motivational behavior. In this study, we sought to assess whether pre-exposure to multiple MA injections and withdrawal may affect low-dose KE-produced rewarding effects, social interaction behavior and its neurochemical underpinnings. A 10-day MA injections (2 mg/kg/day) and 10-day withdrawal regimen was found to cause reliable behavioral sensitization.

Synergistic Effects of Psychosocial Stress and Mild Peripheral Infection on Inducing Microglial Activation in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus and Long-Lasting Deficits in Hippocampus-Related Memory.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment and stress may cause immune activation in the brain, an event which has been thought to play a role in mediating stress-induced cognitive dysfunction. However, the enduring impact of psychosocial stress on brain immune activation or cognitive deficits has not been well investigated. Likewise, it remains unexplored whether there exist synergistic effects of psychosocial stress and a weak systemic LPS treatment on brain immune activation and/or cognitive function.

Dopamine D3 receptor blockade rescues hyper-dopamine activity-induced deficit in novel object recognition memory.

Patients afflicted with bipolar disorder demonstrate significant impairments in recognition and episodic memory during acute depressive and manic episodes. These impairments and the related pathophysiology may result from over-activation of the brain dopamine (DA) system. In order to model overactive DA transmission in a well-established novel object recognition (NOR) memory test, we used DA transporter knockdown (DAT-KD) mice, which exhibit reduced DAT expression and display hyper-dopaminergic phenotypes.

Sex Differences in Stress and Group Housing Effects on the Number of Newly Proliferated Cells and Neuroblasts in Middle-Aged Dentate Gyrus.

Sex differences in stress and coping responses have been frequently documented in aged people, while whether such differences in aged people may appear at the middle age are unknown. This study was undertaken to study the impact of acute stress and social interaction on early neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) and hippocampus-related memory in two sexes of middle-aged mice. The number of newly proliferated cells, neuroblasts in DG, the object recognition and location memory in 9-month-old male and female C57BL/6N mice were assessed under baseline conditions as well as following an acute stressor regimen and group housing.

Basolateral amygdalar D receptor activation is required for the companions-exerted suppressive effect on the cocaine conditioning.

The presence of companions renders decreases in cocaine-stimulated dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) magnitude. Limbic systems are widely believed to underlie the modulation of accumbal dopamine release and cocaine conditioning. Thus, this study aimed to assess whether intact basolateral nucleus of amygdala (BLA), dorsal hippocampus (DH), and dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is required for the companions-exerted suppressive effect on the cocaine-induced CPP.

Orexins contribute to restraint stress-induced cocaine relapse by endocannabinoid-mediated disinhibition of dopaminergic neurons.

Orexins are associated with drug relapse in rodents. Here, we show that acute restraint stress in mice activates lateral hypothalamic (LH) orexin neurons, increases levels of orexin A and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and reinstates extinguished cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP). This stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine CPP depends on type 1 orexin receptors (OX1Rs), type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) and diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) in the VTA.

Familiar companions diminish cocaine conditioning and attenuate cocaine-stimulated dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.

This study aimed to assess the impact of companions on the rewarding effects of cocaine. Three cage mates, serving as companions, were housed with each experimental mouse throughout cocaine-place conditioning in a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm using conditioning doses of 10 and 20mg/kg. The presence of companions decreased the magnitude of the CPP.

Rottlerin impairs the formation and maintenance of psychostimulant-supported memory.

Rationale And Objective: Since brain proteins such as protein kinase C (PKC), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are involved in the establishment and maintenance of psychostimulant memory, we sought to determine if systemic treatment with rottlerin, a natural compound affecting all these proteins, may modulate stimulant-supported memory.

Materials And Methods: Stimulant-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) was used in modeling stimulant-supported memory.

Results: Three cocaine (10 mg/kg; COC) or three methamphetamine (1 mg/kg; MA) conditioning trials reliably established the drug-induced CPP in male C57BL/6 mice.

Effects of Sodium Benzoate Treatment in Combination with An Extinction Training on the Maintenance of Cocaine-Supported Memory.

Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor can facilitate the extinction of various maladaptive memories. Sodium benzoate (NaB) has been known to enhance a naturally occurring full agonist on the glycine binding site of the NMDA receptor. This study aimed to test whether systemic NaB treatment can affect the extinction of a cocaine-supported memory, the cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP).