Adipose Tissue Plasticity: A Comprehensive Definition and Multidimensional Insight.

Adipose tissue is composed of adipocytes, stromal vascular fraction, nerves, surrounding immune cells, and the extracellular matrix. Under various physiological or pathological conditions, adipose tissue shifts cellular composition, lipid storage, and organelle dynamics to respond to the stress; this remodeling is called "adipose tissue plasticity". Adipose tissue plasticity includes changes in the size, species, number, lipid storage capacity, and differentiation function of adipocytes, as well as alterations in the distribution and cellular composition of adipose tissue.

Sensitive detection of HS based on Ce doped ZnCoO hollow microspheres at low working temperature.

In order to develop a highly efficient HS gas sensor at low working temperature, in this work, a kind of novel Ce-doped ZnCoO hollow microspheres (Ce/ZnCoO HMSs) were successfully synthesized using a template-free one-pot method, showing a sensitive response toward HS. The microstructure and morphology of the material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The gas-sensing performance of the composite was investigated, showing that the ZnCoO doped with 6 mol% Ce had the highest response to 20 ppm HS at a low operating temperature of 160 °C with a response value of 67.

Analysis of transcriptome differences between subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissue of Ningxiang pigs.

To compare and analyze the molecular mechanisms of adipose deposition in subcutaneous fat (SAF)and intramuscular fat (IMF) tissues in Ningxiang pigs, differential gene expression profiles in SAF and IMF tissues of Ningxiang pigs were identified and analysed using RNA-seq technology. Six healthy 250-day-old male Ningxiang pigs with similar body weights (approximately 85 kg) of intraspecific individuals were selected as experimental material and samples of SAF and IMF tissues were collected. Differential genes associated with fat deposition and lipid metabolism were obtained by sequencing two adipose tissue transcriptomes and performing GO (Gene Ontology) functional annotation and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis.

Triclocarban and triclosan promote breast cancer progression in vitro and in vivo via activating G protein-coupled estrogen receptor signaling pathways.

Triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) have been detected ubiquitously in human body and evoked increasing concerns. This study aimed to reveal the induction risks of TCC and TCS on triple negative breast cancer through non-genomic GPER-mediated signaling pathways. Molecular simulation indicated that TCC exhibited higher GPER binding affinity than TCS theoretically.

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in diabetes and diabetic complications.

Diabetes, a group of metabolic disorders, constitutes an important global health problem. Diabetes and its complications place a heavy financial strain on both patients and the global healthcare establishment. The lack of effective treatments contributes to this pessimistic situation and negative outlook.

Triclocarban and triclosan exacerbate high-fat diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation at environmental related levels: The potential roles of estrogen-related receptors pathways.

Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) have become ubiquitous pollutants detected in human body with concentrations up to hundreds of nanomolar levels. Previous studies about the hepatic lipid accumulation induced by TCS and TCC were focused on pollutant itself, which showed weak or no effects. High-fat diet (HFD), as a known environmental factor contributing to lipid metabolism-related disorders, its synergistic action with environmental pollutants deserves concern.

Uridine affects amino acid metabolism in sow-piglets model and increases viability of pTr2 cells.

Background: As an important nucleoside precursor in salvage synthesis pathway of uridine monophosphate, uridine (UR) is the most abundant nucleotide in sow milk. This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal UR supplementation during second trimester of gestation on reproductive performance and amino acid metabolism of Sows.

Results: Results showed that compared to CON group, the average number of stillborn piglets per litter was significantly reduced ( < 0.

Impact of dietary supplementation with N-carbamoyl-aspartic acid on serum metabolites and intestinal microflora of sows.

Background: N-Carbamoyl-aspartic acid (NCA) is a critical precursor for de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. To investigate the cumulative effects of maternal supplementation with NCA on the productive performance, serum metabolites and intestinal microbiota of sows, 40 pregnant sows (∼day 80) were assigned into two groups: (1) the control (CON) and (2) treatment (NCA, 50 g t NCA).

Results: Results showed that piglets from the NCA group had heavier birth weight than those in the CON group (P < 0.

Camellia ( bel.) seed oil reprograms gut microbiota and alleviates lipid accumulation in high fat-fed mice through the mTOR pathway.

Camellia ( bel.) seed oil (CO) is extensively used as an edible oil in China and Asian countries owing to its high nutritional and medicinal values. It has been shown that a high-fat diet enhances lipid accumulation and induces intestinal microbiota imbalance in mice.

Effect of Dietary Amylose/Amylopectin Ratio on Intestinal Health and Cecal Microbes' Profiles of Weaned Pigs Undergoing Feed Transition or Challenged With Lipopolysaccharide.

Background: Dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio (DAR) plays an important role in piglets' intestinal health. It is controversial whether diarrhea could be relieved by changing DAR in weaning piglets.

Methods: Sixty (Landrace × Yorkshire) castrated male pigs (initial body weight (BW) 6.

Effects of supplementing sow diets during late gestation with Pennisetum purpureum on antioxidant indices, immune parameters and faecal microbiota.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of adding Pennisetum purpureum (P. purpureum, also known as Napier grass or elephant grass) to the diets of late gestation on the antioxidant indexes, immune indexes and faecal microbiota of sows. At the 90 days of gestation, 300 healthy sows were randomly divided into three groups, and they received the basic commercial diet or added 5% P.

Maternal yeast-based nucleotide supplementation decreased stillbirth by regulating nutrient metabolism.

Background: As an enzymatic product of yeast, yeast-based nucleotide (YN) is rich in nucleotides. To test the effects of maternal dietary supplementation with YN during late pregnancy on placental nutrient transport and nutrient metabolism in neonatal piglets, 64 pregnant sows (day 85 ± 3) were assigned into two groups: (i) control (CON) and (ii) treatment (YN; 4 g kg ). Blood, placenta and liver samples of neonates during delivery were collected.

Melatonin Alleviates Neuroinflammation and Metabolic Disorder in DSS-Induced Depression Rats.

There is a bidirectional relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and depression/anxiety. Emerging evidences indicate that the liver may be involved in microbiota-gut-brain axis. This experiment focused on the role of melatonin in regulating the gut microbiota and explores its mechanism on dextran sulphate sodium- (DSS-) induced neuroinflammation and liver injury.

Maternal supplementation with uridine influences fatty acid and amino acid constituents of offspring in a sow-piglet model.

To investigate the cumulative effects of maternal supplementation with nucleotides in the form of uridine (UR) on fatty acid and amino acid constituents of neonatal piglets, fifty-two sows in late gestation were assigned randomly into the control (CON) group (fed a basal diet) or UR group (fed a basal diet with 150 g/t UR). Samples of neonates were collected during farrowing. Results showed that supplementing with UR in sows' diet significantly decreased the birth mortality of pigs ( = 0·05), and increased serum total cholesterol, HDL and LDL of neonatal piglets ( < 0·05).

Protein Level and Infantile Diarrhea in a Postweaning Piglet Model.

Infantile diarrhea is a serious public health problem around worldwide and results in millions of deaths each year. The levels and sources of dietary protein are potential sources of diarrhea, but the relationship between the pathogenesis causes of infantile diarrhea and protein intake remains poorly understood. Many studies have indicated that the key to understanding the relationship between the protein in the diet and the postweaning diarrhea of piglets is to explore the influences of protein sources and levels on the mammalian digestion system.

JAK2 Mediates the Regulation of Pept1 Expression by Leptin in the Grass Carp () Intestine.

Oligopeptide transporter 1 (Pept1) is located on the brush border membrane of the intestinal epithelium and plays an important role in dipeptide and tripeptide absorption from protein digestion. In this study, we cloned and characterized the cDNA sequence of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) from . The expression patterns of JAK2 in various tissues and developmental stages were characterized by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).

LSD1 mediates microbial metabolite butyrate-induced thermogenesis in brown and white adipose tissue.

Objective: The gut microbiota regulates thermogenesis to benefit metabolic homeostasis at least partially via its metabolite butyrate, and the underlying mechanisms of this regulation are still unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of lysine specific demethylase (LSD1), a histone demethylase and important regulator of thermogenesis, in mediating gut microbial metabolite butyrate regulation of thermogenesis.

Methods: The antibiotic cocktail (ABX) was administrated to deplete gut microbiota.

Effect of glucose, soya oil and glutamine on protein expression and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway of jejunal crypt enterocytes in weaned piglets.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of glucose, soya oil or glutamine on jejunal morphology, protein metabolism and protein expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling pathway in jejunal villus or crypt compartment of piglets. Forty-two 21 d-weaned piglets were randomly allotted to one of the three isoenergetic diets formulated with glucose, soya oil or glutamine for 28 d. On day 14 or 28, the proteins in crypt enterocytes were analysed with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification and proteins involved in mTORC1 signalling pathway in villus or crypt compartment cells were determined by Western blotting.

The effects of dietary reduced mineral elements and coated cysteamine supplementation on bacterial diversity in the ileum of finishing pigs.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary partial MEs and coated cysteamine (CC) supplementation on gut microbiota in finishing pigs. Results showed that whittling down dietary partial MEs (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn) by 20% and 40% had little effect on the microbial diversity, community structure, and bacterial relative abundance in the ileum of finishing pigs. Supplementation with 1,600 mg/kg CC also had no obvious effect on the microbial diversity, community structure, and bacterial relative abundance in the finishing pig ileum when fed diets with a normal MEs level.

Mini-gut: a promising model for drug development.

Until recently, major advances in drug development have been hampered by a lack of proper cell and tissue models; but the introduction of organoid technology has revolutionized this field. At the level of the gastrointestinal tract, the so-called mini-gut comprises all major cell types of native intestine and recapitulates the composition and function of native intestinal epithelium. The mini-gut can be classified as an intestinal organoid (IO), derived from pluripotent stem cells, or as an enteroid, consisting only of epithelial cells and generated from adult stem cells.

Amino Acids Influencing Intestinal Development and Health of the Piglets.

The amino acids and other components of diet provide nourishment for piglet intestinal development and maturation. However, early-weaned piglets struggle with tremendous stress, impairing normal intestinal health and leading to intestinal dysfunction and even death. The high prevalence worldwide of post-weaning diarrhoea syndrome (PWDS) in piglets has led to much interest in understanding the important role of nutrients in the establishment and maintenance of a functional intestinal tract.

Enteroids for Nutritional Studies.

Nutritional studies are greatly hampered by a paucity of proper models. Previous studies on nutrition have employed conventional cell lines and animal models to gain a better understanding of the field. These models lack certain correlations with human physiological responses, which impede their applications in this field.