[Spatial Characteristics and Driving Factors of Net Primary Productivity of Vegetation in the Upper and Middle Yellow River Basin].

The Net Primary Productivity （NPP） of vegetation plays a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystems, and a detailed investigation into the annual average NPP and its driving factors is of significant importance for promoting regional ecological construction and sustainable development. This research utilized MOD17A3 annual average NPP data from 2000 to 2020 and employed methods such as trend analysis, Hurst index, random forest model, partial dependence model, geographic weighted regression, and partial least squares-structural equation model （PLS-SEM） to analyze the annual variation characteristics of NPP and its relationship with driving factors in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River. The results showed： ① During the period from 2000 to 2020, the annual average NPP in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River generally exhibited a year-on-year increasing trend, with 79.

Runoff and erosion reduction benefits of vegetation during natural succession on fallow grassland slopes.

Vegetation restoration is an effective and important measure for controlling soil erosion in arid and -arid regions. Both its aboveground and underground parts play a crucial role in controlling surface runoff and soil detachment on slopes. But how much the parts of vegetation contribute to the runoff and sediment reducing benefits of rill erosion on slopes is unclear.

[Characteristics of Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in Different Water Bodies in Hilly and Gully Regions of the Loess Plateau].

Studying the isotope characteristics and water body transformation relationships among different water bodies in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau can provide a theoretical foundation for evaluating regional climate, ecology, and water resources. In this study, daily and monthly averaged D and O in precipitation, river water, and shallow groundwater were measured in 2017 in the Jiuyuangou watershed, which has a good ecological condition. The compositional relationship between the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in difference water bodies was explored, the influence factors and spatio-temporal variation of O in precipitation and river water were analyzed, and the stable isotope conversion ratios between different water bodies in the study area were calculated using the two-terminal mixed model.

The effects of freeze-thaw process on soil water migration in dam and slope farmland on the Loess Plateau, China.

The seasonal freeze-thaw process affects soil water migration, which influence spring planting, especially in arid and semi-arid regions that cannot be irrigated on the Loess Plateau. This study was conducted to evaluate differences in the freeze-thaw process and water migration between dam farmland (DF) and slope farmland (SF). To accomplish this, two typical agricultural soils (DF and SF), soil water content (SWC) and soil temperature (ST) were monitored at different depths (15, 30, 60 and 90 cm), were investigated under freeze-thaw conditions from November 2015 to April 2016 in the Northwest China.

Distribution of soil organic carbon impacted by land-use changes in a hilly watershed of the Loess Plateau, China.

Vegetation restoration, terrace and check dam construction are the major measures for soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau. These effective measures of stabilizing soils have significant impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution. However, following ecological construction, whether the hilly watershed acts as a source or a sink of soil carbon is still unknown.

A new method to optimize root order classification based on the diameter interval of fine root.

Plant roots are a highly heterogeneous and hierarchical system. Although the root-order method is superior to the root diameter method for revealing differences in the morphology and physiology of fine roots, its complex partitioning limits its application. Whether root order can be determined by partitioning the main root based on its diameter remains uncertain.