The efficacy of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes in hair regeneration based on a preclinical and clinical study.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent hair loss disorder with psychological repercussions. Traditional treatments have limitations, leading to the exploration of regenerative therapies such as exosomes derived from adipose tissue stem cells (ASC-Exosomes).

Methods: First, using human hair follicle (HF) dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) treated with ASC-Exosomes, ALP, VCAN, β-catenin, and LEF-1 levels with RT-PCR and p-GSK3β, GSK3β, β-catenin, ALP, and β-actin levels with western blot analysis were assessed.

Adipose tissue-derived exosomes alleviate particulate matter-induced inflammatory response and skin barrier damage in atopic dermatitis-like triple-cell model.

Recently, particulate matter (PM) has been shown to exacerbate atopic dermatitis (AD) by inducing an inflammatory response. Meanwhile, several studies revealed that exosomes derived from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote wound healing and alleviate inflammation via their regenerative and immunomodulatory capacities. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived (ASC)-exosomes in PM-induced AD.

Spatiotemporal informer: A new approach based on spatiotemporal embedding and attention for air quality forecasting.

Accurate prediction of air pollution is essential for public health protection. Air quality, however, is difficult to predict due to the complex dynamics, and its accurate forecast still remains a challenge. This study suggests a spatiotemporal Informer model, which uses a new spatiotemporal embedding and spatiotemporal attention, to improve AQI forecast accuracy.

Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration.

Wound healing is a complex process involving cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes derived from adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are emerging as promising alternatives to cell therapy for advanced wound healing. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a major component of the skin ECM, is widely utilized in wound dressings and dermal fillers.

Water quality forecasting based on data decomposition, fuzzy clustering and deep learning neural network.

Water quality forecasting can provide useful information for public health protection and support water resources management. In order to forecast water quality more accurately, this paper proposes a novel hybrid model by combining data decomposition, fuzzy C-means clustering and bidirectional gated recurrent unit. Firstly, the original water quality data is decomposed into several subseries by empirical wavelet transform, and then, the decomposed subseries are recombined by fuzzy C-means clustering.

Facial blanching after inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia: an unusual complication.

The present case report describes a complication involving facial blanching symptoms occurring during inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia (IANBA). Facial blanching after IANBA can be caused by the injection of an anesthetic into the maxillary artery area, affecting the infraorbital artery.

Application of augmented reality for inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia: A technical note.

Efforts to apply augmented reality (AR) technology in the medical field include the introduction of AR techniques into dental practice. The present report introduces a simple method of applying AR during an inferior alveolar nerve block, a procedure commonly performed in dental clinics.

Surgical treatment of stage 2 medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw compared to osteomyelitis.

Objective: To compare the characteristics and outcomes of patients who underwent surgical treatment for stage 2 medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) versus osteomyelitis.

Methods: This retrospective study compared the following variables in 73 patients with stage 2 MRONJ versus 89 patients with osteomyelitis: impaired wound healing after surgery, sex, age, the presence of actinomycosis, location of the jaw lesion, and involvement of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN).

Results: There were significant differences between the groups in age, sex, rates of impaired wound healing, actinomycosis, and the location (anterior/posterior) of the lesion.

Novel three-dimensional position analysis of the mandibular foramen in patients with skeletal class III mandibular prognathism.

Purpose: To analyze the relative position of the mandibular foramina (MnFs) in patients diagnosed with skeletal class III malocclusion.

Materials And Methods: Computed tomography (CT) images were collected from 85 patients. The vertical lengths of each anatomic point from the five horizontal planes passing through the MnF were measured at the coronoid process, sigmoid notch, condyle, and the gonion.

Occurrence of bilateral pneumothorax during tracheostomy in a patient with deep neck infection.

Infection that progresses to deep areas of the neck requires appropriate assessment of the airway, and securing of the airway is critical in patients with deep neck infection. In the patient in our case report, bilateral pneumothorax occurred while performing tracheostomy to the airways of a patient with deep neck infection, and therefore, this paper details the method used to secure the airway of patients with deep neck infection.

Black Rice with Giant Embryo Attenuates Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disorders in ob/ob Mice.

Obesity is closely associated with metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice (C57BL/6J-ob/ob) and C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to a diet of black rice with giant embryo (BR), white rice (WR), or AIN-93G (control) and pair-fed for 14 weeks. Although there was no significant difference in body weight, BR-fed ob/ob mice had (1) significantly lower body fat mass than WR- and control-fed ob/ob mice determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; (2) significantly lower blood glucose, serum insulin, and triacylglycerol levels than control-fed ob/ob mice; and (3) significantly lower liver weight, hepatic triacylglycerol, and hepatic lipid droplets than both WR- and control-fed ob/ob mice.

Human GPR42 is a transcribed multisite variant that exhibits copy number polymorphism and is functional when heterologously expressed.

FFAR3 (GPR41) is a G-protein coupled receptor for which short-chain fatty acids serve as endogenous ligands. The receptor is found on gut enteroendocrine L-cells, pancreatic β-cells, and sympathetic neurons, and is implicated in obesity, diabetes, allergic airway disease, and altered immune function. In primates, FFAR3 is segmentally duplicated resulting in GPR42, a gene currently classified as a suspected pseudogene.

Korean red ginseng extract rejuvenates testicular ineffectiveness and sperm maturation process in aged rats by regulating redox proteins and oxidative defense mechanisms.

Distortion of intracellular oxidant and antioxidant balances appears to be a common feature that underlies in age-related male sexual impairment. Therefore regulating oxidative defense mechanisms might be an ideal approach in improving male sexual dysfunctions. In the present study, the effect of Korean red ginseng aqueous extract (KRG) on age-induced testicular dysfunction in rats was investigated.

Asn-Linked Glycosylation Contributes to Surface Expression and Voltage-Dependent Gating of Cav1.2 Ca²⁺ Channel.

The Cav1.2 Ca2+ channel is essential for cardiac and smooth muscle contractility and many physiological functions. We mutated single, double, and quadruple sites of the four potential Asn (N)-glycosylation sites in the rabbit Cav1.

Pectinase-treated Panax ginseng extract (GINST) rescues testicular dysfunction in aged rats via redox-modulating proteins.

The root of Panax ginseng improves testicular function both in humans and animals. However, the molecular mechanism by which ginseng exerts this effect has not been elucidated. Changes in protein expression in the rat testis in response to a pectinase-treated P.

β-Hydroxybutyrate modulates N-type calcium channels in rat sympathetic neurons by acting as an agonist for the G-protein-coupled receptor FFA3.

Free fatty acids receptor 3 (FFA3, GPR41) and 2 (FFA2, GPR43), for which the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate and propionate are agonist, have emerged as important G-protein-coupled receptors influenced by diet and gut flora composition. A recent study (Kimura et al., 2011) demonstrated functional expression of FFA3 in the rodent sympathetic nervous system (SNS) providing a potential link between nutritional status and autonomic function.

Characterization of Na+ and Ca2+ channels in zebrafish dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Background: Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) somata from rodents have provided an excellent model system to study ion channel properties and modulation using electrophysiological investigation. As in other vertebrates, zebrafish (Danio rerio) DRG are organized segmentally and possess peripheral axons that bifurcate into each body segment. However, the electrical properties of zebrafish DRG sensory neurons, as compared with their mammalian counterparts, are relatively unexplored because a preparation suitable for electrophysiological studies has not been available.

Phenotype-specific down-regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the pelvic ganglia of castrated rats: implications for neurogenic erectile dysfunction.

Pelvic ganglia (PG) play critical roles in relaying sympathetic and parasympathetic information from the spinal cord to the penile vasculature and, controlling the penile reflex. Animal studies have shown that androgen deprivation by castration causes erectile dysfunction (ED). Until now, however, neural mechanisms underlying castration-induced ED remain unclear.

Identification and modulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ currents in zebrafish Rohon-Beard neurons.

Electrically excitable cells have voltage-dependent ion channels on the plasma membrane that regulate membrane permeability to specific ions. Voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCCs) are especially important as Ca(2+) serves as both a charge carrier and second messenger. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an important model vertebrate for studies of neuronal excitability, circuits, and behavior.

Intranuclear microinjection of DNA into dissociated adult mammalian neurons.

Primary neuronal cell cultures are valuable tools to study protein function since they represent a more biologically relevant system compared to immortalized cell lines. However, the post-mitotic nature of primary neurons prevents effective heterologous protein expression using common procedures such as electroporation or chemically-mediated transfection. Thus, other techniques must be employed in order to effectively express proteins in these non-dividing cells.

Molecular reconstruction of mGluR5a-mediated endocannabinoid signaling cascade in single rat sympathetic neurons.

Endocannabinoids (eCB) such as 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) are lipid metabolites that are synthesized in a postsynaptic neurons and act upon CB(1) cannabinoid receptors (CB(1)R) in presynaptic nerve terminals. This retrograde transmission underlies several forms of short and long term synaptic plasticity within the CNS. Here, we constructed a model system based on isolated rat sympathetic neurons, in which an eCB signaling cascade could be studied in a reduced, spatially compact, and genetically malleable system.

Expression profiles of high voltage-activated calcium channels in sympathetic and parasympathetic pelvic ganglion neurons innervating the urogenital system.

Among the autonomic ganglia, major pelvic ganglia (MPG) innervating the urogenital system are unique because both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons are colocalized within one ganglion capsule. Sympathetic MPG neurons are discriminated from parasympathetic ones by expression of low voltage-activated Ca2+ channels that primarily arise from T-type alpha1H isoform and contribute to the generation of low-threshold spikes. Until now, however, expression profiles of high voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ channels in these two populations of MPG neurons remain unknown.

Nerve injury alters profile of receptor-mediated Ca2+ channel modulation in vagal afferent neurons of rat nodose ganglia.

Although nerve injury is known to up- and down-regulate some metabotropic receptors in vagal afferent neurons of the nodose ganglia (NG), the functional significance has not been elucidated. In the present study, thus, we examined whether nerve injury affected receptor-mediated Ca2+ channel modulation in the NG neurons. In this regard, unilateral vagotomy was performed using male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Concomitant distribution shift of glial GABA transporter and S100 calcium-binding proteins in the rat retina after kainate-induced excitotoxic injury.

The goal of this study was to elucidate the involvement of neuronal and glial calcium-binding proteins in the stimulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport system by kainate-induced excitotoxicity in the rat retina. We used immunohistochemical method to assess the localization of GABA reuptake and calcium-binding proteins. After systemic administration of kainate, the neuronal GABA transporter does not show an association with calbindin D-28K.