Identifying threshold of CT-defined muscle loss after radiotherapy for survival in oral cavity cancer using machine learning.

Objectives: Muscle loss after radiotherapy is associated with poorer survival in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). However, the threshold of muscle loss remains unclear. This study aimed to utilize explainable artificial intelligence to identify the threshold of muscle loss associated with survival in OCSCC.

Effects of Intra-Articular Stromal Vascular Fraction Injection on Clinical Symptoms and Cartilage Health in Osteoarthritic Knees: A Single-Center Pilot Study.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent form of arthritis worldwide. Intra-articular stromal vascular fraction (SVF) injections are a potential therapeutic option for patients with OA. This study aims to assess the effects of intra-articular SVF injections on knee OA.

Regional Variation in Deescalated Therapy in Older Adults With Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Importance: Although trial data support the omission of axillary surgery and radiation therapy (RT) in women aged 70 years or older with T1N0 hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, potential overtreatment in older adults with frailty persists.

Objective: To determine how much geospatial variation in locoregional therapy may be attributed to region vs patient factors.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cross-sectional study included women aged 70 years or older who were diagnosed with HR+/ERBB2-negative (ERBB2-) breast cancer from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2017.

Identifying Barriers to Timely Follow-up After Elevated PSA Screening: A Retrospective Analysis of a Large Healthcare System.

Objective: To examine elevated PSA follow-up within our system and identify areas for improvement in the timely diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Methods: We queried the Mass General Brigham's Enterprise Data Warehouse from 2018-2021, identifying patients with elevated PSA and documented time to follow-up. Timely follow-up was defined as having a urologist appointment, prostate biopsy, or prostate magnetic resonance imaging within 6 months from diagnosis.

Opportunities to improve the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism: retrospective cohort study.

Background: Although primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is readily diagnosed biochemically and can be cured with low-risk surgery, it is often underrecognized and undertreated. Our objectives were to characterize, within our health system, how often patients with hypercalcemia were evaluated for PHPT and how often patients with PHPT underwent definitive treatment with parathyroidectomy.

Methods: Ambulatory patients aged 18 years or older seen at our health system between January 2018 and June 2023 with chronic hypercalcemia were identified from the medical record.

Magnesium-enriched deep-sea water inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and dampens inflammation.

The NLRP3 inflammasome is an essential component of the innate immune system, but excessive activation can lead to inflammatory diseases. Ion fluxes across the plasma membrane or from intracellular stores are known to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Deep-sea water (DSW) contains high concentrations of many mineral ions, which could potentially influence NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Cordycepin Augments the Efficacy of Anti-PD1 against Colon Cancer.

Colon cancer has a poor clinical response to anti-PD1 therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cordycepin on the efficacy of anti-PD1 treatment in colon cancer. The viability of CT26 mouse colon carcinoma cells, cell-cycle progression, morphology, and the expression of mRNA and protein were assessed.

Potential Overtreatment of DCIS in Patients with Limited Life Expectancy.

Introduction: As the benefits of intensive locoregional therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are realized over time in older adults, life expectancy may help to guide treatment decisions. We examined whether life expectancy was associated with extent of locoregional therapy in this population.

Patients And Methods: Women ≥ 70 years old with < 5 cm of DCIS diagnosed 2010-2015 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare dataset and categorized by a life expectancy ≤ 5 or > 5 years, defined by a validated claims-based measure.

Prostate magnetic resonance imaging utilization and its relationship with advanced prostate cancer detection.

Background: The rise in advanced prostate cancer has coincided with increased use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), leading to the hypothesis that this increase in surveillance registries is an artifact of more sensitive imaging tools. We assessed the association between regional variation in prostate MRI and advanced prostate cancer diagnoses.

Methods: We utilized SEER-Medicare data (2004-2015), including men > 65 diagnosed with localized prostate cancer.

A Self-Cascade Penetrating Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Mediated by Near-Infrared II Cell Membrane-Disrupting Nanoflakes via Detained Dendritic Cells.

Immunotherapy can potentially suppress the highly aggressive glioblastoma (GBM) by promoting T lymphocyte infiltration. Nevertheless, the immune privilege phenomenon, coupled with the generally low immunogenicity of vaccines, frequently hampers the presence of lymphocytes within brain tumors, particularly in brain tumors. In this study, the membrane-disrupted polymer-wrapped CuS nanoflakes that can penetrate delivery to deep brain tumors via releasing the cell-cell interactions, facilitating the near-infrared II (NIR II) photothermal therapy, and detaining dendritic cells for a self-cascading immunotherapy are developed.

A Randomized Crossover Trial Evaluating the Impact of Cultural Dexterity Training on Surgical Residents' Knowledge, Cross-Cultural Care, Skills, and Beliefs: The Provider Awareness and Cultural Dexterity Training for Surgeons (PACTS) Trial.

Objectives: This trial examines the impact of the Provider Awareness and Cultural dexterity Toolkit for Surgeons (PACTS) curriculum on surgical residents' knowledge, cross-cultural care, skills, and beliefs.

Background: Cross-cultural training of providers may reduce health care outcome disparities, but its effectiveness in surgical trainees is unknown.

Methods: PACTS focuses on developing skills needed for building trust, working with patients with limited English proficiency, optimizing informed consent, and managing pain.

Effectiveness of fentanyl buccal soluble film in cancer patients with inadequate breakthrough pain control.

Background: Clinical evidence for the rapidity and effectiveness of fentanyl buccal soluble film (FBSF) in reducing pain intensity of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) remains inadequate. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of FBSF proportional to the around-the-clock (ATC) opioid regimens in rapidly relieving the intensity of BTcP episodes by determining the percentage of patients requiring further dose titration.

Methods: The study procedure included a dose-finding period followed by a 14-day observation period.

A 35-gene mutation profile predicts the therapeutic outcome of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving neo-adjuvant chemoradiation.

Esophageal cancer is a common malignancy worldwide with a poor prognosis without radical resection. Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) followed by esophagectomy is widely used for treating locally advanced esophageal cancer in the thorax. The study aimed to assess mutation profiles and their correlation with therapeutic outcomes in patients diagnosed with locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

FK228 suppress the growth of human malignant pleural mesothelioma tumor independent to epithelioid or non-epithelioid histology.

Human malignant pleural mesothelioma (hMPM) is an aggressive, rare disease with a poor prognosis. Histologically, MPM is categorized into epithelioid, biphasic, and sarcomatoid subtypes, with the epithelioid subtype generally displaying a better response to treatment. Conversely, effective therapies for the non-epithelioid subtypes are limited.

Comparison of modified Furlow palatoplasty using small double-opposing Z-plasty and conventional Furlow palatoplasty: A long-term outcome study.

Background: The aim of palatoplasty is to create a functional palate to achieve normal speech, while minimizing post-operative complications. This study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of modified Furlow palatoplasty using small double-opposing Z-plasty (small-DOZ) and conventional Furlow palatoplasty (conventional-DOZ) performed in a single center.

Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent Furlow palatoplasty between May 2007 and March 2014 was executed.

Achieve fairness without demographics for dermatological disease diagnosis.

In medical image diagnosis, fairness has become increasingly crucial. Without bias mitigation, deploying unfair AI would harm the interests of the underprivileged population and potentially tear society apart. Recent research addresses prediction biases in deep learning models concerning demographic groups (e.

New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation Is a Red Flag to Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer Failure in Head and Neck Cancer Patients.

Background:  Postoperative new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) has been shown to be associated with increased surgical morbidity and mortality following cancer ablation surgery. However, evidence of new-onset AF's impact on surgical outcomes in head and neck cancer patients undergoing tumor ablation and microvascular free tissue transfer remains scarce. This study aims to evaluate the association between AF and surgical outcomes in these patients.

Cimetidine Attenuates Therapeutic Effect of Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PD-L1 and Modulates Tumor Microenvironment in Colon Cancer.

Histamine modulates immunity by binding to histamine receptor 2 (H2R). Cimetidine, an H2R antagonist that inhibits gastric acid secretion and treats gastrointestinal ulcers, interferes with histamine-mediated immunomodulation and may have anticancer activity. This study examined cimetidine's effect on the anticancer effect of anti-PD-L1 in colon cancer.

Magnetic-Field-Assisted Electric-Field-Induced Domain Switching of a Magnetic Single Domain in a Multiferroic/Magnetoelectric Ni Nanochevron/[Pb(MgNb)O]-[PbTiO] (PMN-PT) Layered Structure.

We report the magnetic-field-assisted electric-field-controlled domain switching of a magnetic single domain in a multiferroic/magnetoelectric Ni nanochevrons/[Pb(MgNb)O]-[PbTiO] (PMN-PT) layered structure. Initially, a magnetic field was applied in the transverse direction across single-domain Ni nanochevrons to transform each of them into a two-domain state. Subsequently, an electric field was applied to the layered structure, exerting the converse magnetoelectric effect to transform/release the two-domain Ni nanochevrons into one of two possible single-domain states.

Mac-2-Binding Protein Glycosylation Isomer to Albumin Ratio Predicts Bacterial Infections in Cirrhotic Patients.

Introduction: Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) is a novel biomarker for liver fibrosis, but little is known about its role in cirrhosis-associated clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of M2BPGi in cirrhosis-associated complications.

Methods: One hundred and forty-nine cirrhotic patients were retrospectively enrolled.