Can the clinical sign "head-turning sign" and simple questions in "Neucop-Q" predict amyloid β pathology?

Background: To establish simple screening tests to suspect Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, the clinical sign "head-turning sign" (HTS), which is a patient's behavior of turning their head towards their partner to seek assistance with questions posed by the examiner during the interview, and the simple screening questionnaire for dementia named "Neucop-Q" were validated in participants diagnosed with amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods: We enrolled 155 patients: 47 cognitive normal, 36 with mild cognitive impairment, 64 with dementia, and 8 with psychiatric disorders. All participants underwent Neucop-Q [three questions: Consciousness/self-awareness of cognitive disabilities (C) normal/impaired (nor/imp), Pleasure/pastime (P) nor/imp, and News/knowledge on current topics (N) nor/imp] and amyloid/tau PET.

Sjögren's syndrome positive for isolated anti-Ro52/SS-A antibody and anti-centromere antibody.

This current case report describes a Japanese woman in her 80s with xerostomia who presented with salivary gland dysfunction. She was positive for isolated anti-Ro52/SS-A antibody as determined by a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay and positive on a fluorescence enzyme immunoassay that recognizes both Ro52 and Ro60 antigens. A high serum concentration of anti-Ro52/SS-A antibody was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Efficacy and safety of intravenous ketamine treatment in Japanese patients with treatment-resistant depression: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Aim: Although the antidepressant effect of ketamine on treatment-resistant depression (TRD) has been frequently reported in North American and European countries, evidence is scarce among the Asian population. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous ketamine in Japanese patients with TRD.

Methods: In this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial, 34 Japanese patients with TRD were randomized to receive either intravenous ketamine (0.

Subjective Symptoms and Disease Activity Related to Serum Zinc Concentration in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

: We examined the frequency of zinc deficiency in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and the relationship between zinc deficiency and each of the subjective symptoms and disease activity. : We enrolled 164 patients aged ≥ 20 years with primary SS (pSS) based on the revised diagnostic criteria of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (1999) and 144 patients with RA diagnosed according to the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for RA (2010) as a comparison group. Subjective symptoms were confirmed using an original questionnaire, and disease activity was determined using the European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI).

Aortic Uptake of F-NaF and F-FDG and Calcification Predict the Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms and Is Attenuated by Drug Therapy.

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysms expand over time and increase the risk of fatal ruptures. To predict expansion, the isolated assessment of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and sodium fluoride (NaF) uptake or calcification volume in aneurysms has been investigated with variability in results. We systematically evaluated whether F-FDG and F-NaF uptake was predictive of abdominal aortic aneurysm expansion.

A deep learning-based automated diagnosis system for SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging.

Images obtained from single-photon emission computed tomography for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI SPECT) contain noises and artifacts, making cardiovascular disease diagnosis difficult. We developed a deep learning-based diagnosis support system using MPI SPECT images. Single-center datasets of MPI SPECT images (n = 5443) were obtained and labeled as healthy or coronary artery disease based on diagnosis reports.

Correlation between breast cancer and background parenchymal uptake on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate differences in background parenchymal uptake (BPU) between patients with and without breast cancer using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.

Methods: Female patients (n = 130, 62.9 ± 12.

Assessment of Myocardial F-FDG Uptake at PET/CT in Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Patients.

Background Patients who developed myocarditis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination show abnormalities on cardiac MRI. However, whether myocardial changes occur in asymptomatic individuals following vaccination is not well established. Purpose To assess myocardial Fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) uptake on PET/CT in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated patients compared to nonvaccinated patients.

Impact of patient characteristic factors on the dynamics of liver glucose metabolism: Evaluation of multiparametric imaging with dynamic whole-body F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography.

Aims: To assess the impact of various patient characteristics on the dynamics of liver glucose metabolism using automated multiparametric imaging with whole-body dynamic F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 540 patients who underwent whole-body dynamic FDG-PET. Three quantitative indices representing hepatic glucose metabolism [mean standardized uptake value normalized by lean body mass (SULmean), metabolic glucose rate (kinetic index) and distribution volume (DV)] were measured from multiparametric PET images produced automatically based on the Patlak plot model.

Refractory Burkitt Lymphoma With False-positive and False-negative Mass Detected on Positron Emission Tomography-computed Tomography After Chemotherapy.

A 4-year-old boy with an abdominal mass extending from the spleen to the lower umbilicus was diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma stage III. Because the fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography of the residual splenic tumor remained elevated, splenectomy was performed. The PET-positive area was composed of inflammatory infiltrates, whereas the PET-negative area was composed of a viable tumor surrounded by necrotic or dying tumor cells.

Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography as a potential alternative tool for functional diagnosis of glycogen storage disease type I.

A 43-year-old woman with genetically confirmed glycogen storage disease type Ib was suspected to have left breast cancer. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography showed high fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in the whole liver as well as left mammary gland. We consider that high fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in the liver of patients with glycogen storage disease type I is caused by impaired glucose-6-phosphate metabolism due to the congenital deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase activities in hepatocytes.

Validation of deep learning-based computer-aided detection software use for interpretation of pulmonary abnormalities on chest radiographs and examination of factors that influence readers' performance and final diagnosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a deep learning-based computer-aided detection (CAD) software for detecting pulmonary nodules, masses, and consolidation on chest radiographs (CRs) and to examine the effect of readers' experience and data characteristics on the sensitivity and final diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: The CRs of 453 patients were retrospectively selected from two institutions. Among these CRs, 60 images with abnormal findings (pulmonary nodules, masses, and consolidation) and 140 without abnormal findings were randomly selected for sequential observer-performance testing.

Striatal Dopaminergic Depletion Pattern Reflects Pathological Brain Perfusion Changes in Lewy Body Diseases.

Purpose: In Lewy body diseases (LBD), various symptoms occur depending on the distribution of Lewy body in the brain, and the findings of brain perfusion and dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) also change accordingly. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between brain perfusion SPECT and quantitative indices calculated from DAT-SPECT in patients with LBD.

Procedures: We retrospectively enrolled 35 patients with LBD who underwent brain perfusion SPECT with N-isopropyl-p-[I] iodoamphetamine and DAT-SPECT with I-ioflupane.

Philadelphia Chromosome-positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Incidentally Detected by Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography at a Health Checkup.

We herein report a case of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-ALL) that was incidentally detected by fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (F-FDG PET)/computed tomography (CT) at a health checkup. At that time, the findings of a physical examination and blood tests were all normal, except for the diffuse bone marrow uptake (maximum standardized uptake value: 6.3).

Evaluation of [F]PI-2620, a second-generation selective tau tracer, for assessing four-repeat tauopathies.

Tau aggregates represent a key pathologic feature of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, PET probes have been developed for detection of tau accumulation; however, they are limited because of off-target binding and a reduced ability to detect tau in non-Alzheimer's disease tauopathies. The novel tau PET tracer, [F]PI-2620, has a high binding affinity and specificity for aggregated tau; therefore, it was hypothesized to have desirable properties for the visualization of tau accumulation in Alzheimer's disease and non-Alzheimer's disease tauopathies.

A diagnostic strategy for Parkinsonian syndromes using quantitative indices of DAT SPECT and MIBG scintigraphy: an investigation using the classification and regression tree analysis.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performances of quantitative indices obtained from dopamine transporter (DAT) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy for Parkinsonian syndromes (PS) using the classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 216 patients with or without PS, including 80 without PS (NPS) and 136 with PS [90 Parkinson's disease (PD), 21 dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 16 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 9 multiple system atrophy (MSA). The striatal binding ratio (SBR), putamen-to-caudate ratio (PCR), and asymmetry index (AI) were calculated using DAT SPECT.

[I]-IMP single-photon emission computed tomography imaging in visual snow syndrome: A case series.

Background: Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a neurological condition characterized by persistent flickering dots in the visual fields, palinopsia, enhanced entoptic phenomenon, photophobia, and nyctalopia. Neuroimaging evidence supports the role of the visual association cortex in visual snow syndrome. We provided clinical care to three patients with visual snow syndrome, in whom [I]-IMP single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging was performed.

Development of Ga-labeled tin colloids for evaluating phagocytic function of Kupffer cells using preclinical PET imaging.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the optimal conditions for producing Ga-labeled tin colloid and the feasibility of Ga-tin colloid positron emission tomography (PET) for visualization and evaluation of the phagocytic function of Kupffer cells (KCs) in vivo.

Methods: Ga-tin colloid was prepared by adding tin solution (1 mM, 0.2 mL) to Ga solution (1.

Egested Feces Revealed Massive Protein Loss in 99mTc-HSA-D Scintigraphy.

A 66-year-old man with severe diarrhea and severe hypoproteinemia was referred for Tc-DTPA-human serum albumin (HSA-D) scintigraphy. The scintigraphy at 24 hours postinjection showed strong accumulation of Tc-HSA-D in not only the colon but also all his diapers containing his egested feces. The ratio of the diapers counts to the total counts was 17.

Usefulness of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for predicting the prognosis and treatment response of neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Background: The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) for computed tomography (CT) is preoperatively used to evaluate therapeutic effects. However, it does not reflect the pathological treatment response (PTR) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) for positron emission tomography (PET)/CT is effective in other cancers.

Impact of the cerebrospinal fluid-mask algorithm on the diagnostic performance of I-Ioflupane SPECT: an investigation of parkinsonian syndromes.

Background: A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-mask algorithm has been developed to reduce the adverse influence of CSF-low-counts on the diagnostic utility of the specific binding ratio (SBR) index calculated with Southampton method. We assessed the effect of the CSF-mask algorithm on the diagnostic performance of the SBR index for parkinsonian syndromes (PS), including Parkinson's disease, and the influence of cerebral ventricle dilatation on the CSF-mask algorithm.

Methods: We enrolled 163 and 158 patients with and without PS, respectively.

Impact of a combination of quantitative indices representing uptake intensity, shape, and asymmetry in DAT SPECT using machine learning: comparison of different volume of interest settings.

Background: We sought to assess the machine learning-based combined diagnostic accuracy of three types of quantitative indices obtained using dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT SPECT)-specific binding ratio (SBR), putamen-to-caudate ratio (PCR)/fractal dimension (FD), and asymmetry index (AI)-for parkinsonian syndrome (PS). We also aimed to compare the effect of two different types of volume of interest (VOI) settings from commercially available software packages DaTQUANT (Q) and DaTView (V) on diagnostic accuracy.

Methods: Seventy-one patients with PS and 40 without PS (NPS) were enrolled.