Effect of additional scapular movement on the scapular muscle activity during arm raising.

The effects of the two popular strategies, scapular adduction and depression and scapular posterior tilt, on muscle activity of the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles have not been compared. This study demonstrates the effects of additional scapular adduction and depression or scapular posterior tilt movements on the activation of trapezius and serratus anterior muscles and scapular kinematics during arm raising. Eighteen asymptomatic men performed arm raising tasks with and without additional scapular movements, including scapular adduction and depression or scapular posterior tilt.

Effects of empathy mapping and mini-simulation on second-year nursing students' empathy and communication self-confidence: a quasi-experimental study.

Background: Empathy and communication are critical abilities for nursing students, and in recent years, scenario-based teaching has played a crucial role in fostering empathy and professional skill development. However, novice nursing students in basic nursing education often lack prior experience in patient communication, making it challenging for them to prepare adequately for scenarios and effectively handle difficulties in real-life situations. This deficiency also hampers participants' or observers' ability to engage in deep reflection, feedback, and learning.

Time-lapse HR-pQCT reliably assesses and monitors local bone turnover in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Bone turnover assessment and monitoring are essential for chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated bone care. Patients with CKD suffer from significantly elevated fracture risk due to abnormally high or low bone turnover, which requires diametrically opposite treatments informed by patient-specific bone turnover data. However, a reliable, accessible, non-invasive bone turnover assessment and monitoring tool remains an unmet clinical need.

Assessing the Diagnostic Performance of Automated Pituitary Gland Volume Measurement for Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty.

It is known that the pituitary gland volume (PV) in idiopathic central precocious puberty (IPP) is significantly higher than in healthy children. However, most PV measurements rely on manual quantitative methods, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive. This study aimed to automatically measure the PV of patients with IPP using artificial intelligence to accurately quantify the correlation between IPP and PV, and to improve the efficiency of diagnosing IPP.

Serological response to avian influenza viruses among occupationally exposed population in Taiwan, a longitudinal cohort study, 2021-2023.

The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (TCDC) initiated longitudinal sero-epidemiological surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) targeting poultry workers exposed on affected farms since 2021. Convalescent-phase serum samples were collected from these workers 21-28 days post-outbreak identification. TCDC recontacted participants in subsequent years for repeat serological sampling.

Spint1 disruption in mouse pancreas leads to glucose intolerance and impaired insulin production involving HEPSIN/MAFA.

SPINT1, a membrane-anchored serine protease inhibitor, regulates cascades of pericellular proteolysis while its tissue-specific functions remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we generate Spint1-lacZ knock-in mice and observe Spint1 expression in embryonic pancreatic epithelium. Pancreas-specific Spint1 disruption significantly diminishes islet size and mass, causing glucose intolerance and downregulation of MAFA and insulin.

Grifola frondosa extract as a fetal bovine serum supplement for the culture of bovine muscle satellite cells under low serum conditions.

Expensive fetal bovine serum (FBS) is a major obstacle to the production of cultivated meat. However, because FBS substitutes do not sufficiently induce cell proliferation, a good alternative is to reduce the amount of FBS and use ingestible additives to promote cell proliferation. In this study, Grifola frondosa extract (GFE) was used to investigate its potential as an additive to promote myogenesis of bovine muscle satellite cells from Hanwoo cattle under low serum conditions (10 % FBS).

Search for Soft Unclustered Energy Patterns in Proton-Proton Collisions at 13 TeV.

The first search for soft unclustered energy patterns (SUEPs) is performed using an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, collected in 2016-2018 by the CMS detector at the LHC. Such SUEPs are predicted by hidden valley models with a new, confining force with a large 't Hooft coupling. In events with boosted topologies, selected by high-threshold hadronic triggers, the multiplicity and sphericity of clustered tracks are used to reject the background from standard model quantum chromodynamics.

Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the Mask Usability Scale: A Measure of the Perceived Usability of N95 Respirators Among Healthcare Students and Staff.

Aim: To test the reliability and construct validity of the Mask Usability Scale in healthcare students and staff.

Design: A methodological study involving repeated measures.

Methods: The study included two batches of participants: (1) 283 university nursing students and (2) 1753 participants composed of students (61%) and clinical staff (39%).

Elevated reactive aggression in forebrain-specific knockout mice.

Cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2) is a matricellular protein that plays important roles in connective tissue. CCN2 is also expressed in the nervous system; however, its role is still unclear. To explore CCN2 function in the brain, we generated forebrain-specific knockout (Fb KO) mice.

Search for the Z Boson Decay to ττμμ in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

The first search for the Z boson decay to ττμμ at the CERN LHC is presented, based on data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1}. The data are compatible with the predicted background. For the first time, an upper limit at the 95% confidence level of 6.

Ischemia-induced endogenous Nrf2/HO-1 axis activation modulates microglial polarization and restrains ischemic brain injury.

Cerebral ischemic stroke accounts for more than 80% of all stroke cases. During cerebral ischemia, reactive oxygen species produced in the ischemic brain induce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Nrf2 is a transcription factor responsible for regulating cellular redox balance through the induction of protective antioxidant and phase II detoxification responses.

Observation of the decay.

Using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of collected by the CMS experiment at , the decay is observed for the first time, with a statistical significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. The relative branching fraction, with respect to the decay, is measured to be , where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is related to the uncertainties in and .

Observation of Enhanced Long-Range Elliptic Anisotropies Inside High-Multiplicity Jets in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

A search for collective effects inside jets produced in proton-proton collisions is performed via correlation measurements of charged particles using the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The analysis uses data collected at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13  TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1}. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-k_{T} algorithm with a distance parameter of 0.

Revealing OH species in situ generated on low-valence Cu sites for selective carbonyl oxidation.

Catalytic oxidation through the transfer of lattice oxygen from metal oxides to reactants, namely the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism, has been widely reported. In this study, we evidence the overlooked oxidation route that features the in situ formation of surface OH species on Cu catalysts and its selective addition to the reactant carbonyl group. We observed that glucose oxidation to gluconic acid in air (21% O) was favored on low-valence Cu sites according to X-ray spectroscopic analyses.

and -enriched adsc-exosomes mitigate PM exposure-exacerbated cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury through the modulation of the BNIP3-MAP1LC3B-BBC3/PUMA pathway.

Epidemiology has shown a strong relationship between fine particulate matter (PM) exposure and cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unknown whether PM aggravates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, and the related mechanisms are unclear. Our previous study has shown that adipose stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) contain high levels of and .

Measurement of Energy Correlators inside Jets and Determination of the Strong Coupling α_{S}(m_{Z}).

Energy correlators that describe energy-weighted distances between two or three particles in a hadronic jet are measured using an event sample of sqrt[s]=13  TeV proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.3  fb^{-1}. The measured distributions are consistent with the trends in the simulation that reveal two key features of the strong interaction: confinement and asymptotic freedom.

Atomic structures of a bacteriocin targeting Gram-positive bacteria.

Due to envelope differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, engineering precision bactericidal contractile nanomachines requires atomic-level understanding of their structures; however, only those killing Gram-negative bacteria are currently known. Here, we report the atomic structures of an engineered diffocin, a contractile syringe-like molecular machine that kills the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridioides difficile. Captured in one pre-contraction and two post-contraction states, each structure fashions six proteins in the bacteria-targeting baseplate, two proteins in the energy-storing trunk, and a collar linking the sheath with the membrane-penetrating tube.