Nomogram-Based model accurately predicts disease flare-ups in axial spondyloarthritis.

BackgroundThe accuracy of predicting axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) flares based on clinical experience is limited.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the previously designed nomogram prediction model in forecasting disease flares among rheumatologists and medical students.MethodsPatients who met the classification criteria for axSpA were enrolled in the study.

SATB2 promotes radiation resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Purpose: Radioresistance remains a predominant factor contributing to local recurrence in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). SATB2, as a transcriptional co-gene, may affect the radioresistance of cancer cells. Consequently, this study aims to elucidate the mechanism by which SATB2 modulates radiotherapy resistance in esophageal cancer.

Perception of viral infections and initiation of antiviral defence in rice.

Crop production faces persistent threats from insect-vector-borne viral diseases. Recent advancements have revealed the intricate immune mechanisms that plants deploy against viral pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms through which plant hosts recognize viral infections and initiate antiviral defence at disease onset have not been elucidated.

Nonmonotonous Translocation Dynamics of Highly Deformable Particles across Channels.

The translocation dynamics of cells and particles through geometric constrictions are critical in biological and biomedical processes from splenic filtration to tumor metastasis. While particle stiffness plays a key role, its role in highly nonequilibrium states remains poorly understood. Here, we present a multiscale model to investigate the impact of particle stiffness on the translocation dynamics in microfluidic channels.

Endothelial Serotonin Receptor 1B Acts as a Mechanosensor to Drive Atherosclerosis.

Background: Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of fatty and fibrotic plaques, which preferentially develop at curvatures and branches along the arterial trees that are exposed to disturbed flow. However, the mechanisms by which endothelial cells sense disturbed flow are still unclear.

Methods: The partial carotid ligation mouse model was used to investigate disturbed flow-induced atherogenesis.

Stereoselective Synthesis of Olefins from β-Hydroxy NHPI Esters.

Herein, we describe a highly stereoselective method to access a single olefin isomer from readily available β-hydroxy -hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) esters. Depending on the configuration of the precursor ( or ), either the or olefin is prepared selectively under Lewis acid-promoted conditions. Without involving radical chemistry, a β-lactone is proposed as the key intermediate in this decarboxylative olefination.

Zinner syndrome: report of a case and whole exome sequencing.

Background: Zinner syndrome is a rare congenital malformation of the male genitourinary system, characterized by a triad: seminal vesicle cyst, unilateral renal agenesis, and ipsilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction. The etiology of this uncommon disease remains largely elusive; however, genetic mutations may contribute to its development. In this report, we present a case of symptomatic Zinner syndrome that was surgically treated, alongside an investigation into the potential genetic basis of the syndrome via whole exome sequencing.

Glycogen drives tumour initiation and progression in lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is an aggressive cancer defined by oncogenic drivers and metabolic reprogramming. Here we leverage next-generation spatial screens to identify glycogen as a critical and previously underexplored oncogenic metabolite. High-throughput spatial analysis of human LUAD samples revealed that glycogen accumulation correlates with increased tumour grade and poor survival.

Perturbations in the microbiota-gut-brain axis shaped by social status loss.

Social status is closely linked to physiological and psychological states. Loss of social dominance can lead to brain disorders such as depression, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The gut microbiota can sense stress and contribute to brain disorders via the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA).

Individualized therapy guided by single-cell sequencing in anti-GABAR encephalitis.

We presented a patient with refractory anti-GABA-R encephalitis, and constructed libraries for single-cell sequencing from the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), cerebrospinal fluid cells, as well as four healthy volunteer's PBMCs. A distinct group of monoclonal CD8 T cells and an abnormal JAK-STAT signaling pathway was implicated in the disease. The cross-reactive protein LIM-domain-only protein 5 (LMO5) identified in the patient's thymoma, prompted the activation of the specific CD8 T cells.

MXene-loaded multifunctional nanoparticles with on-demand controlled antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity for multi-modal treating bacterial prostatitis.

Bacterial prostatitis represents a specific form of prostatitis, primarily resulting from bacterial infection and significantly impairing the life quality of patients. In this paper, we respond to the inability of conventional drugs to simultaneously address both bacterial infection and oxidative stress in the treatment of prostatitis by designing a multifunctional nanoparticle, called QM (Cu) NPs, with dual functionality. QM (Cu) NPs have the capacity to generate reactive oxygen radicals to eradicate bacteria under the influence of laser irradiation.

Revealing the underestimated role of Gram-positive bacteria in iron reduction within paddy soils.

Iron reduction in paddy fields is crucial for heavy metal migration and nutrient transformation. Gram-negative iron-reducing bacteria like Geobacter and Shewanella have been widely studied due to their strong extracellular electron transfer capabilities. In contrast, Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus and Clostridium are often labeled as weak exoelectrogens, leading to their contributions being overlooked.

Dietary vitamin E and tocopherol isoform intake and the progression of chronic kidney disease.

Background And Hypothesis: It is unclear whether dietary vitamin E and tocopherol isoform intake is associated with health outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We hypothesize that different dietary tocopherol isoforms have different health effects in people with CKD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary vitamin E and tocopherol isoforms and risks of CKD progression and all-cause mortality in patients with CKD.

La-Substituted BaSnO Perovskite as a Robust Electrocatalyst for Selective CO Reduction to Formate.

Rational design of high-performance catalysts for CO electroreduction is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality, yet effective modification strategies remain scarce. In this study, we present the microwave heating approach to incorporate La ions into Sn-based perovskite oxides, significantly enhancing their electrocatalytic performance for the reduction of CO to formate. Through comprehensive characterization techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical measurements (Tafel analysis and impedance spectroscopy), and density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate that La substitution effectively modulates the Sn-O bond distance in BaSnO.

Healthy lifestyle habits, educational attainment, and the risk of 45 age-related health and mortality outcomes in the UK: A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate to what extent lifestyle habits, contribute to associations between EA and various conditions, and test the variability in risk reduction for specific health conditions linked to a healthy lifestyle across different EA levels.

Design, Setting, Participants, And Measurements: Data were analyzed from 341,632 UK Biobank participants without baseline cardiovascular disease or cancer (2006-2010). A healthy lifestyle score (0-5) was created by assigning one point for each of five habits: a healthy diet, sufficient physical activity, non-current smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, and low-risk sleep duration.

Emerging Frontiers in acute kidney injury: The role of extracellular vesicles.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a prevalent and critical clinical condition. Although considerable advancements have been achieved in clinical and fundamental research in recent decades, the enhancements in AKI diagnosis and therapeutic approaches, such as the development of emerging biomarkers including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and liver fatty acid-binding protein (FABP1) for early detection of AKI and the exploration of "goal-directed" hemodynamic treatment methods and renal replacement therapies, have yet to fulfill the demands of modern medicine. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as pivotal messengers in cell-to-cell communication, exerting a vital impact on both physiological and pathological processes.

Thermal Compensatory Response of Soil Heterotrophic Respiration Following Wildfire.

Frequent wildfires pose a serious threat to carbon (C) dynamics of forest ecosystems under a warming climate. Yet, how wildfires alter the temperature sensitivity () of soil heterotrophic respiration () as a critical parameter determining the C efflux from burned landscapes remains unknown. We conducted a field survey and two confirmatory experiments in two fire-prone regions of China at <1, 3, 6, and 12 months after wildfires ( = 160 soil samples).

Advance in peptide-based drug development: delivery platforms, therapeutics and vaccines.

The successful approval of peptide-based drugs can be attributed to a collaborative effort across multiple disciplines. The integration of novel drug design and synthesis techniques, display library technology, delivery systems, bioengineering advancements, and artificial intelligence have significantly expedited the development of groundbreaking peptide-based drugs, effectively addressing the obstacles associated with their character, such as the rapid clearance and degradation, necessitating subcutaneous injection leading to increasing patient discomfort, and ultimately advancing translational research efforts. Peptides are presently employed in the management and diagnosis of a diverse array of medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, weight loss, oncology, and rare diseases, and are additionally garnering interest in facilitating targeted drug delivery platforms and the advancement of peptide-based vaccines.

(Ir)rationality of Moral Judgment.

Chaotic responses to COVID-19, political polarization, and pervasive misinformation raise the question of whether some or many individuals exercise irrational moral judgment. We provide the first mathematically correct test for transitivity of moral preferences. Transitivity is the most prominent rationality criterion of the behavioral, biological, and economic sciences.

Predicting mutation-disease associations through protein interactions via deep learning.

Disease is one of the primary factors affecting life activities, with complex etiologies often influenced by gene expression and mutation. Currently, wet lab experiments have analyzed the mechanisms of mutations, but these are usually limited by the costs of wet experiments and constraints in sample types and scales. Therefore, this paper constructs a real-world mutation-induced disease dataset and proposes Capsule and Graph topology networks with multi-head attention (CGM) to predict the mutation-disease associations.

Association Between Visual Acuity and Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Longitudinal Test of Mediators.

Background: Little is known about the prospective relationship between visual acuity (VA) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events and the extent to which this association is mediated via potential mediators. This study aims to investigate the relationship between VA and ASCVD events, including the mediation effects of potential factors.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted using data from 110,522 participants in the UK Biobank, all of whom had baseline visual acuity (VA) measurements collected between 2006 and 2010.

Endothelial Krüppel-like factor 2/4: Regulation and function in cardiovascular diseases.

This review presents an overview of the regulation, function, disease-relevance and pharmacological regulation of the critical endothelial transcription factors KLF2/4 in vasculature. The regulatory mechanisms of KLF2/4 expression and activity in vascular endothelium in response to hemodynamic forces and biochemical stimuli are depicted. The functional effects mediated by direct or indirect target genes of KLF2/4 in endothelial cells are systematically summarized.

Aspirin increases the risk of acute kidney injury in critical patients with chest trauma: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are increasingly utilized in trauma patients, particularly those with critical chest trauma who are susceptible to significant blood loss, leading to renal hypoperfusion. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is known to carry a poor prognosis in chest trauma patients. Therefore, investigating the potential association between NSAID use and AKI risk in critical patients with chest trauma is crucial.