Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics model explained by the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method for predicting complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) before initiating treatment is essential for tailoring therapeutic strategies and monitoring prognosis in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). In this study, we aimed to develop and validate radiomic-based models to predict clinical and pathological complete responses (cCR and pCR, respectively) by incorporating the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method for model interpretation.

Methods: A total of 285 patients with complete pretreatment clinical characteristics and T1-weighted (T1W) and T2-weighted (T2W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 centers were retrospectively recruited.

Accurate Airway Tree Segmentation in CT Scans via Anatomy-Aware Multi-Class Segmentation and Topology-Guided Iterative Learning.

Intrathoracic airway segmentation in computed tomography is a prerequisite for various respiratory disease analyses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and lung cancer. Due to the low imaging contrast and noises execrated at peripheral branches, the topological-complexity and the intra-class imbalance of airway tree, it remains challenging for deep learning-based methods to segment the complete airway tree (on extracting deeper branches). Unlike other organs with simpler shapes or topology, the airway's complex tree structure imposes an unbearable burden to generate the "ground truth" label (up to 7 or 3 hours of manual or semi-automatic annotation per case).

A Convenient and Effective Preoxygenation Technique for Prolonging Deep Inspiration Breath-Hold Duration With a Venturi Mask With a 50% Oxygen Concentration.

Purpose: Voluntary deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) is commonly used in radiation therapy (RT), but the short duration of a single breath-hold, estimated to be around 20 to 40 seconds, is a limitation. This prospective study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of using a simple preoxygenation technique with a Venturi mask to prolong voluntary DIBH.

Methods And Materials: The study included 33 healthy volunteers and 21 RT patients.

Long-Term Treatment Outcomes of the Elder Patients with Locally Advanced Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Definitive Chemoradiotherapy or Radiotherapy.

Background: Few randomized trials are available to guide clinical management of elderly patients with esophageal cancer. Therefore, treatment approaches for the elderly are challenging.

Objective: We believe that chemotherapy and radiotherapy are more effective than radiotherapy alone.

Exploring Specific miRNA-mRNA Axes With Relationship to Taxanes-Resistance in Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of malignancy in women worldwide. Taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) are widely applied as first-line chemotherapeutic agents, while the therapeutic effect is seriously limited by the development of drug resistance. In the present study, we screened out several miRNAs dysregulated in taxanes-resistant breast cancer samples and confirmed that two miRNAs (miR-335-5p and let-7c-5p) played a major role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and chemo-resistance.

Three-dimensional graphene networks and RGO-based counter electrode for DSSCs.

Graphene is considered to be a potential replacement for the traditional Pt counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Besides a high electron transport ability, a close contact between the CE and electrolyte is crucial to its outstanding catalytic activity for the I /I redox reaction. In this study, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and three-dimensional graphene networks (3DGNs) were used to fabricate the CE, and the graphene-based CE endowed the resulting DSSC with excellent photovoltaic performance features.

Graphene-Assisted Thermal Interface Materials with a Satisfied Interface Contact Level Between the Matrix and Fillers.

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and three-dimensional graphene networks (3DGNs) are adopted to improve the performance of thermal interface materials (TIMs). Therein, the 3DGNs provide a fast transport network for phonons, while the RGO plays as a bridge to enhance the phonon transport ability at the interface between the filler and matrix. The types of surface functional groups of the RGO are found to exert a remarkable influence on the resulting thermal performance; the carboxyl groups are found in the optimal selection to promote the transport process at the interface area because a strong chemical bond will form between the graphene basal plane and epoxy resin (ER) through this kind of group.

Graphene based photoanode for DSSCs with high performances.

Graphene assisted photoanodes are promising because of the high performance of the resulting dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A photoanode with a three-layer structure is prepared in this study and the synergy between each layer was found to play a vital role in its photovoltaic properties. The influence of interface contact between the transport layer and work layer is revealed.

Influence from defects of three-dimensional graphene networks on the interface condition between the graphene basal plane and various resins.

Graphene assisted thermal interface materials (TIMs) attract more and more attention because of their high thermal conductivities. However, how to improve the phonon transport ability at the interface between the graphene basal plane and the matrix is still unclear. In this study, three-dimensional graphene networks (3DGNs) with varying defect densities are fabricated by adjusting the chemical vapor deposition processes, and these specimens are adopted as fillers to modify various resins with different functional groups to reveal the interface contact rule.

RGO and Three-Dimensional Graphene Networks Co-modified TIMs with High Performances.

With the development of microelectronic devices, the insufficient heat dissipation ability becomes one of the major bottlenecks for further miniaturization. Although graphene-assisted epoxy resin (ER) display promising potential to enhance the thermal performances, some limitations of the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets and three-dimensional graphene networks (3DGNs) hinder the further improvement of the resulting thermal interface materials (TIMs). In this study, both the RGO nanosheets and 3DGNs are adopted as co-modifiers to improve the thermal conductivity of the ER.

Tangeretin inhibits neurodegeneration and attenuates inflammatory responses and behavioural deficits in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease dementia in rats.

Our aim was to investigate whether tangeretin, a citrus flavonoid, was able to prevent neuroinflammation and improve dementia in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced rodent model of Parkinson's disease (PD). MPTP-HCl was infused into the substantia nigra pars compacta of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Tangeretin (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally starting 3 days prior to MPTP injection and was continued for 20 days following injection.

NMDA receptor-mediated neuroprotective effect of the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract on the excitotoxic neuronal cell death in primary rat cortical cell cultures.

The objective of the current research work was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of the ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis (S.B.) on the excitotoxic neuronal cell death in primary rat cortical cell cultures.

Postoperative radiotherapy for glioma: improved delineation of the clinical target volume using the geodesic distance calculation.

Objects: To introduce a new method for generating the clinical target volume (CTV) from gross tumor volume (GTV) using the geodesic distance calculation for glioma.

Methods: One glioblastoma patient was enrolled. The GTV and natural barriers were contoured on each slice of the computer tomography (CT) simulation images.

FBW7 upregulation enhances cisplatin cytotoxicity in non- small cell lung cancer cells.

Introduction: Lung cancer is extremely harmful to human health and has one of the highest worldwide incidences of all malignant tumors. Approximately 80% of lung cancers are classified as non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Cisplatin-based multidrug chemotherapy regimen is standard for such lesions, but drug resistance is an increasing problem.

Association between the TP53 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis.

The previous published data on the association between TP53 codon 72, intron 6, and intron 3 16 bp polymorphisms and lung cancer risk remained controversial. This meta-analysis of literatures was performed to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship. 38 publications with 51 studies were selected for this meta-analysis, including 17,337 cases and 16,127 controls for TP53 codon 72 (from 43 studies), 2,201 cases and 2,399 controls for TP53 intron 6 (from four studies), and 4,322 cases and 4,558 controls for TP53 intron 3 16 bp (from four studies).

N1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane sensitizes bladder cancer cells to doxorubicin by preventing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through inhibition of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 activation.

Drug resistance greatly reduces the efficacy of doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in bladder cancer treatment; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate whether N1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane (GC7), which inhibits eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 (eIF5A2) activation, exerts synergistic cytotoxicity with doxorubicin in bladder cancer, and whether eIF5A2 is involved in chemoresistance to doxorubicin-based bladder cancer treatment. BIU-87, J82, and UM-UC-3 bladder cancer cells were transfected with eIF5A2 siRNA or negative control siRNA before incubation with doxorubicin alone or doxorubicin plus GC7 for 48 h.