Discordance between preclinical and clinical testing of Na V 1.7-selective inhibitors for pain.

The voltage-gated sodium channel Na V 1.7 plays an important role in pain processing according to genetic data. Those data made Na V 1.

K1 channels enable myelinated axons to transmit spikes reliably without spiking ectopically.

Action potentials (spikes) are regenerated at each node of Ranvier during saltatory transmission along a myelinated axon. The high density of voltage-gated sodium channels required by nodes to reliably transmit spikes increases the risk of ectopic spike generation in the axon. Here we show that ectopic spiking is avoided because K1 channels prevent nodes from responding to slow depolarization; instead, axons respond selectively to rapid depolarization because K1 channels implement a high-pass filter.

Electrospun chitosan//ethylcellulose-vitamin E//ethylcellulose-curcumin tri-chamber eccentric Janus nanofibers for a joint antibacterial and antioxidant performance.

Multifunctional materials with both antibacterial and antioxidant properties are highly desired in many scientific applications. The combination of polysaccharide and multi-chamber nanostructures offers a novel perspective for developing antibacterial and antioxidant nanomaterials. In this study, a new kind of tri-chamber eccentric Janus nanostructures (TEJNs) was fabricated through a single-step and straight forward tri-fluid side-by-side electrospinning.

Similar excitability through different sodium channels and implications for the analgesic efficacy of selective drugs.

Nociceptive sensory neurons convey pain-related signals to the CNS using action potentials. Loss-of-function mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel Na1.7 cause insensitivity to pain (presumably by reducing nociceptor excitability) but clinical trials seeking to treat pain by inhibiting Na1.

Electro-Acupuncture Regulates Metabolic Disorders of the Liver and Kidney in Premature Ovarian Failure Mice.

As per the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the liver and kidney dysfunction are important pathogenies for premature ovarian failure (POF). POF is a common gynecological disease that reduced the pregnancy rate. Electro-acupuncture (EA) is a useful non-pharmaceutical therapy that supposedly regulates the function of the liver and kidney in the treatment of POF with TCM.

Genome-wide identification and genetic characterization of the CaMYB family and its response to five types of heavy metal stress in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. CM334).

MYB proteins play a crucial role in plant growth and development and stress responses. In this study, 160 members of the MYB gene family from the pepper genome database were used to analyze gene structures, chromosome localization, collinearity, genetic affinity and expression in response to heavy metals. The results identified R2R3-MYB members and further phylogenetically classified them into 35 subgroups based on highly conserved gene structures and motifs.

[Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics revealed metabolite profiles participate in intervention effect of refined moxibustion in gastric ulcer model rats].

Objective: To investigate the effect of refined moxibustion on expression of gastric mucosal epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and changes of metabolite profiles in gastric ulcer (GU) rats, so as to analyze its mechanism underlying improvement of GU.

Methods: Male SD rats were randomized into control, model, acupoint moxibustion groups (=6 per group). The GU model was induced by cold-restraint stress.

[Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on biological activity and inflammatory factor expression of human gingival fibroblasts].

Purpose: To explore the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on biological activity and inflammatory factor expression of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).

Methods: The effects of EPA on the activity, morphology and cell cycle of HGFs were observed by living and dead cell staining, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry, respectively. HGFs were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.

[Endogenous metabolites involving effects of moxibustion on injured gastric mucosal tissue in rats with stomach heat or cold syndrome based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy].

Objective: To investigate the profile of metabolites of gastric mucosa involving the effectiveness of moxibustion in the treatment of syndromes of stomach heat (SH) and stomach cold (SC) by H-nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) spectroscopy in rats, so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying improvement of gastric disorders.

Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into control, SH-model, SC-model, SH-moxibustion and SC-moxibustion groups (＝6 rats/group). The SH-model and SC-model were established by gavage of pepper liquid plus ethanol, and ice water plus NaOH, respectively.

[Analysis on adolescent depression treated with acupuncture based on the theory of "taking as the pivot"].

Depression is related to stagnation in the body. At present, the treatment with acupuncture for depression focuses on the theories of the governor vessel, liver, spleen, stomach and the entity of five organs, especially for the adult group. However, the attention to adolescent depression is insufficient.

Selective Activation of Cholecystokinin-Expressing GABA (CCK-GABA) Neurons Enhances Memory and Cognition.

Cholecystokinin-expressing GABAergic (CCK-GABA) neurons are perisomatic inhibitory cells that have been argued to regulate emotion and sculpt the network oscillations associated with cognition. However, no study has selectively manipulated CCK-GABA neuron activity during behavior in freely-moving animals. To explore the behavioral effects of activating CCK-GABA neurons on emotion and cognition, we utilized a novel intersectional genetic mouse model coupled with a chemogenetic approach.

Statistical Analysis of Current Oral Health Care and Dental Education Resources in China.

Objective: To collect information and statistical data regarding the current oral health care and dental education resources in China.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched and a literature review conducted. The homepages of relevant universities and colleges were visited to collect dental education information.

[Effect of exogenous ATP on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in gingival fibroblasts cells].

Purpose: To investigate exogenous ATP-dependent activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin-1β ( IL-1β) secretion in P.gingivalis infected and heat-killed P.gingivalis induced gingival fibroblasts cells ( hGFs) in vitro.

Adaptively capturing the heterogeneity of expression for cancer biomarker identification.

Background: Identifying cancer biomarkers from transcriptomics data is of importance to cancer research. However, transcriptomics data are often complex and heterogeneous, which complicates the identification of cancer biomarkers in practice. Currently, the heterogeneity still remains a challenge for detecting subtle but consistent changes of gene expression in cancer cells.

Dexmedetomidine Prevents Excessive γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Function after Anesthesia.

What We Already Know About This Topic: WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: BACKGROUND:: Postoperative delirium is associated with poor long-term outcomes and increased mortality. General anesthetic drugs may contribute to delirium because they increase cell-surface expression and function of α5 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors, an effect that persists long after the drugs have been eliminated. Dexmedetomidine, an α2 adrenergic receptor agonist, prevents delirium in patients and reduces cognitive deficits in animals.

Optogenetic exploration and modulation of pain processing.

Intractable pain is the single most common cause of disability, affecting more than 20% of the population world-wide. There is accordingly a global effort to decipher how changes in nociceptive processing in the peripheral and central nervous systems contribute to the onset and maintenance of chronic pain. The past several years have brought rapid progress in the adaptation of optogenetic approaches to study and manipulate the activity of sensory afferents and spinal cord neurons in freely behaving animals, and to investigate cortical processing and modulation of pain responses.

A regulation probability model-based meta-analysis of multiple transcriptomics data sets for cancer biomarker identification.

Background: Large-scale accumulation of omics data poses a pressing challenge of integrative analysis of multiple data sets in bioinformatics. An open question of such integrative analysis is how to pinpoint consistent but subtle gene activity patterns across studies. Study heterogeneity needs to be addressed carefully for this goal.

MiR-155 up-regulated by TGF-β promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells .

It has previously been reported that microRNA (miR)-155 is linked to the recurrence and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following liver transplantation. However, the role of miR-155 in the invasion and metastasis of HCC cells remains largely unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of miR-155 in HCC cells and its role in the invasion and migration of HCC cells .

MOXIBUSTION ALLEVIATES GASTRIC PRECANCEROUS LESIONS IN RATS BY PROMOTING CELL APOPTOSIS AND INHIBITING PROLIFERATION-RELATED ONCOGENES.

Background: It is well known that gastric mucosa dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia are gastric precancerous lesions (GPL). Moxibustion treatment of (ST21) and (ST36) alleviated the inflammatory response and dysplasia of gastric mucosa in our previous study. The purpose of this study was to further examine the underlying mechanism of moxibustion treatment of ST21 and ST36 on GPL.

Disrupting GluA2-GAPDH Interaction Affects Axon and Dendrite Development.

GluA2-containing AMPA receptors (AMPARs) play a critical role in various aspects of neurodevelopment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are largely unknown. We report here that the interaction between GluA2 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is necessary for neuron and cortical development.

Development of regional specificity of spinal and medullary dorsal horn neurons.

Extensive studies have focused on the development and regionalization of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Many genes, which play crucial roles in the development of CNS neurons, have been identified. By using the technique "direct reprogramming", neurons can be produced from multiple cell sources such as fibroblasts.

Glia and TRPM2 Channels in Plasticity of Central Nervous System and Alzheimer's Diseases.

Synaptic plasticity refers to the ability of neurons to strengthen or weaken synaptic efficacy in response to activity and is the basis for learning and memory. Glial cells communicate with neurons and in this way contribute in part to plasticity in the CNS and to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease in which impaired synaptic plasticity is causally implicated. The transient receptor potential melastatin member 2 (TRPM2) channel is a nonselective Ca(2+)-permeable channel expressed in both glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) and neurons.

The Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 (TRPM2) Channel Contributes to β-Amyloid Oligomer-Related Neurotoxicity and Memory Impairment.

Unlabelled: In Alzheimer's disease, accumulation of soluble oligomers of β-amyloid peptide is known to be highly toxic, causing disturbances in synaptic activity and neuronal death. Multiple studies relate these effects to increased oxidative stress and aberrant activity of calcium-permeable cation channels leading to calcium imbalance. The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel, a Ca(2+)-permeable nonselective cation channel activated by oxidative stress, has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, and more recently in amyloid-induced toxicity.