Optimization of trypsin extraction technology of Allium cepa L. polysaccharide by response surface methodology and the antitumor effects through immunomodulation.

The trypsin-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from L. was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum extraction conditions were extraction temperature, extraction time, extraction pH, and enzyme amount of 37.

A new benzophenone with biological activities purified from SWZ01.

Strain SZW01 was isolated from sea sediment collected from Shenzhen in Guangdong province, China, and was later identified as by16S rDNA sequence analysis. Various chromatographic processes led to the isolation and purification of three compounds from the fermentation culture of SZW01, including a new compound, 2,6'-dihydroxy-2,4'dimethoxy-8'-methyl-6-methoxy-acyl-ethyl-diphenylmethanone (), and two known compounds: fumigaclavine C () and alternarosin A (), as characterised by UV, IR, 1 D, 2 D-NMR and MS data. The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of these compounds were evaluated.

KLF2 regulates neutrophil migration by modulating CXCR1 and CXCR2 in asthma.

Neutrophils are key inflammatory cells in the immunopathogenesis of asthma. Neutrophil migration can be initiated through activation of the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors by CXC chemokines, such as IL-8. Although transcription factor KLF2 has been found to maintain T cell migration patterns through repression of several chemokine receptors, whether KLF2 can regulate neutrophil migration via modulation of CXCR1 and CXCR2 is unknown.

Sulfated modification, characterization and monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides and anti-tumor activity.

() polysaccharides (UPPS) are considered to be the major bioactive components of . . The aim of the present study was to investigate the separation, sulfated modification, characterization and monosaccharide composition of UPPS.

Enhancing in vivo oral bioavailability of cajaninstilbene acid using UDP-glucuronosyl transferase inhibitory excipient containing self-microemulsion.

Cajaninstilbene acid (CSA) exerts wide pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammation, hypoglycaemic activity, analgesic effect and cognition improvement. However, it underwent severe phase II metabolism mediated by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after oral administration, affecting its oral bioavailability. In the present study, we utilize UGT inhibitory excipient containing self-microemulsion (SME) delivery system to reduce the production of glucuronide metabolites and increase its oral bioavailability.

Comparison of pulmonary availability and anti-inflammatory effect of dehydroandrographolide succinate via intratracheal and intravenous administration.

Dehydroandrographolide succinate (DAS) injection, which was approved in China for the treatment of viral pneumonia and upper respiratory tract infections, is often off-label used for nebulization therapy to avoid the adverse drug reactions associated with the injection. However, the aerodynamic properties and pulmonary fate of nebulized DAS was largely uninvestigated. In this study, the main objectives were to evaluate the in vitro aerodynamic deposition profiles of nebulizer generated aerosols and comparatively investigate the local drug availability and anti-inflammatory efficacy of DAS between intratracheal and intravenous dosing.

Antibacterial Diphenyl Ether, Benzophenone and Xanthone Derivatives from Aspergillus flavipes.

The extract of the strain Aspergillus flavipes DL-11 exerted antibacterial activities against six Gram-positive bacteria. During the following bioassay-guided separation, ten diphenyl ethers (1-10), two benzophenones (11-12), together with two xanthones (13-14) were isolated. Among them, 4'-chloroasterric acid (1) was a new chlorinated diphenyl ether.

A new benzophenone with biological activities from metabolites of butyrolactone I in rat faeces.

Butyrolactone I, one of the major secondary metabolites of fungus , is a selective cdc2 kinase inhibitor. In the present study, the metabolism of butyrolactone I in male Wistar rats was investigated by characterising metabolites excreted into faeces. Following an oral dose of 40 mg/kg butyrolactone I, two phase I metabolites were isolated from the faeces of rat.

[Protective effect of raspberry extract on ConA-induced acute liver injuryin mice].

In this experiment,the antioxidant capacity of raspberry extract and the protective effect on liver injury induced by ConA in mice were investigated. Balb/C male mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal group,model group,bicyclol control group( 200 mg·kg~(-1)),low-dose raspberry extract group( 200 mg·kg~(-1)),middle-dose raspberry extract group( 400 mg·kg~(-1)),and highdose raspberry extract group( 800 mg·kg~(-1)). Each group was intragastrically administered with drugs according to the body weight once a day.

Characterization of estrogenic active ingredients in Cuscuta chinensis Lam. based on spectral characteristics and high‑performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‑of‑flight mass spectrometry.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an efficient method that is widely used to assess the quality of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is well known that the quality of TCM has a direct effect on its efficacy; therefore, in order to thoroughly explain how TCM exerts its efficacy, it is necessary to characterize its active ingredients and assess their quality. The application of the spectrum‑effect method is crucial for determining the pharmacological basis of materials.

[Trace phenolic compounds from Red Yeast Rice].

Trace chemical constituents from the ethyl acetate extract of Red Yeast Rice were investigated. Four phenolic compounds were isolated by various column chromatographies, and their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including UV, MS, IR and NMR. The four compounds were identified as 2-methyl-5-(2'R-methyl-4'-hydroxy-butyl)-cinnamic acid(1), 5-(2'-hydroxy-6'-methyl phenyl)-3-methylfuran-2-carboxylic acid(2), daidzein(3), and genistein(4).

Cytisine induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells.

Cytisine is a quinolizidine alkaloid, which has been reported to be among the major bioactive components of Sophora alopecuraides L. Quinolizidine alkaloids have previously been demonstrated to inhibit the proliferation of several types of tumor cells. However, few studies have investigated the effects of cytisine on cancer cells.

A pair of new isocoumarin epimers from soil fungus Hypoxylon sp.

In our research on novel secondary metabolites from micro-organisms, two new (1-2) and four known dihydroisocoumarins (3-6) were derived from soil fungus Hypoxylon sp. Their structures were determined with extensive NMR data analysis and ECD calculation comparing with those of experimental CD spectra. Interestingly, compounds 1 and 2 possessed the same planar structure and very similar NMR data, suggesting 1 and 2 were a pair of epimers at either C-3 or at C-4, confirmed by the totally opposite cotton effect around 250 nm in the CD spectra of 1 and 2.

[Study on the Apoptotic Mechanisms of Human Liver Cancer HepG-2 Cells Induced by Total Saponins of Ornithogalum caudatum].

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of human liver cancer HepG-2 cells apoptosis induced by total saponins of Ornithogalum caudatum( OCA-TS).

Methods: The anti-proliferative effects of OCA-TS on HepG-2 cells was detected by MTT assay; the inverted microscope was used to observe cell morphology; transmission electron microscope( TEM) was used to observe the cellular ultrastructure changes; flow cytometry method was used to detect the apoptosis rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, and protein expression level of Cyt-C; Caspase-3 activity was measured by ELISA.

Results: OCA-TS can inhibit the proliferation of HepG-2 cells and the IC50 was 79.

analysis of the role of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in CSBE therapy against human gastric cancer.

The caper plant ( L.) was a common Uyghur folk medicine, and is a member of the family. In a previous study, the n-butanol extract of L.

Magnesium ions improving the growth and organics reduction of Rhodospirillum rubrum cultivated in sewage through regulating energy metabolism pathways.

Rhodospirillum rubrum has the potential for biomass resource recycling combined with sewage purification. However, low biomass production and yield restricts the potential for sewage purification. This research investigated the improvement of biomass production, yield and organics reduction by Mg²⁺ in R.

New flavonoid from Patrinia villosa.

Context: Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss (Valerianaceae) is an important ancient herbal medicine widely used for inflammation, wound healing, and abdominal pain. But little is known of the phytochemical constituents of this herbal plant.

Targeted gene capture and massively parallel sequencing identify TMC1 as the causative gene in a six-generation Chinese family with autosomal dominant hearing loss.

Hereditary nonsyndromic hearing loss is extremely heterogeneous. Mutations in the transmembrane channel-like gene1 (TMC1) are known to cause autosomal dominant and recessive forms of nonsyndromic hearing loss linked to the loci of DFNA36 and DFNB7/11, respectively. We characterized a six-generation Chinese family (5315) with progressive, postlingual autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL).

New C13 lipids from the marine-derived fungus Trichoderma harzianum.

Chemical examination of the fermentation broth of a sponge-associated fungus Trichoderma harzinum HMS-15-3 led to the isolation of four pairs of new C13 lipid enantiomers namely harzianumols A-H (1a-4b). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic (IR, MS, 1D, and 2D NMR) data analysis, including the modified Mosher's method for the assignment of their absolute configurations. The new compounds were evaluated for antihyperlipidemic effects in HepG2 cells.

Screening antitumor bioactive fraction from Sauromatum giganteum (Engl.) Cusimano & Hett and sensitive cell lines with the serum pharmacology method and identification by UPLC-TOF-MS.

Sauromatum giganteum (Engl.) Cusimano & Hett Tuber are used in Chinese folklore medicine for treatment of neoplasms. However, the claim has not been scientifically validated.

Ethanol but not aqueous extracts of tubers of Sauromatum Giganteum(Engl.) Cusimano and Hett inhibit cancer cell proliferation.

Background: Both alcohol and aqueous extracts of Sauromatum giganteum(Engl.) Cusimano and Hett, the dried root tuber of which is named Baifuzi in Chinese, have been used for folklore treatment of cancer in Northeast of China. However, little is known about which is most suitable to the cancer therapy.

Active components alignment of Gegenqinlian decoction protects ulcerative colitis by attenuating inflammatory and oxidative stress.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Gegenqinlian Decoction (GQD) has been used as a folk remedy for gastrointestinal diseases in China over thousands of years. It has significant treatment efficacy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We analyzed and showed that the active components alignment of Gegenqinlian Decoction (ACAG) possesses broad pharmacological effects including analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and antidiarrhea, as well as the effect of adjusting gastrointestinal function in our preliminary experiments.

Alkaloids from beach spider lily (Hymenocallis littoralis) induce apoptosis of HepG-2 cells by the fas-signaling pathway.

Alkaloids are the most extensively featured compounds of natural anti-tumor herbs, which have attracted much attention in pharmaceutical research. In our previous studies, a mixture of major three alkaloid components (5, 6-dihydrobicolorine, 7-deoxy-trans-dihydronarciclasine, littoraline) from Hymenocallis littoralis were extracted, analyzed and designated as AHL. In this paper, AHL extracts were added to human liver hepatocellular cells HepG-2, human gastric cancer cell SGC-7901, human breast adenocarcinoma cell MCF-7 and human umbilical vein endothelial cell EVC-304, to screen one or more AHL-sensitive tumor cell.

N-butanol extract of Capparis spinosa L. induces apoptosis primarily through a mitochondrial pathway involving mPTP open, cytochrome C release and caspase activation.

Background: Capparis spinosa L., a Uygur medicine, had been shown to have anti-tumor activity in our early experiments with an N-butanol extract (CSBE) as its active fraction. However, the mechanisms responsible for its effects are not clearly understood.

Downregulation of Cdk1 and cyclinB1 expression contributes to oridonin-induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and growth inhibition in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells.

Background: Oridonin isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, a plant used to treat cancer in Chinese folk medicine, is one of the most important antitumor active ingredients. Previous studies have shown that oridonin has anti- tumor activities in vivo and in vitro, but little is known about cell cycle effects of oridonin in gastric cancer.

Materials And Methods: MTT assay was adopted to detect the proliferation inhibition of SGC-7901 cells, the cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry and protein expression by Western blotting.