Diagnostic Pitfalls of the Bleeding Origin after a Percutaneous Renal Biopsy: A Report of Two Cases.

A percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) is a standard procedure for diagnosing renal disease, but can cause bleeding complications. Bleeding after a PRB can be classified as early- or late-onset, depending on the timing of the onset of the bleeding symptoms (<24 h or ≥24 h). We herein report two patients who experienced bleeding complications: one experienced early-onset bleeding from the 12th subcostal artery, and the other experienced late-onset bleeding from an arteriovenous fistula between a branch of the renal artery and renal vein.

Ralfuranones contribute to mushroom-type biofilm formation by Ralstonia solanacearum strain OE1-1.

After invasion into intercellular spaces of tomato plants, the soil-borne, plant-pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum strain OE1-1 forms mushroom-shaped biofilms (mushroom-type biofilms, mBFs) on tomato cells, leading to its virulence. The strain OE1-1 produces aryl-furanone secondary metabolites, ralfuranones (A, B, J, K and L), dependent on the quorum sensing (QS) system, with methyl 3-hydroxymyristate (3-OH MAME) synthesized by PhcB as a QS signal. Ralfuranones are associated with the feedback loop of the QS system.