Photoredox/Cr-catalyzed enantioselective radical-polar crossover transformation via C-H functionalization.

Asymmetric multicomponent reactions that aim to control multiple chiral centers with high selectivity in a single step remain an on-gonging challenge. The realm of enantioselective radical-polar crossover transformation achieved through C-H Functionalization has yet to be fully explored. Herein, we present a successful description of a photoredox/Cr-catalyzed enantioselective three-component (hetero)arylalkylation of 1,3-dienes through C-H functionalization.

Mucin-producing urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a gene mutation characteristic of intestinal adenocarcinoma: case report and literature review.

We report an elderly male with mucin-producing urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of the prostate (MPUAP) and oligometastatic lung involvement, initially diagnosed as benign prostatic hyperplasia and treated with transurethral plasma resection of the prostate (TURP). Postoperative pathology indicated mucinous adenocarcinoma, with immunohistochemistry positive for CK7, CK20, and CDX-2. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified genetic alterations similar to those found in intestinal adenocarcinoma.

Atomically Dispersed Metal Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Two-Electron vs. Four-Electron Pathways.

Developing eco-friendly electrochemical devices for electrosynthesis, fuel cells (FCs), and metal-air batteries (MABs) requires precisely designing the electronic pathway in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process. Understanding the principle of developing low-cost, highly active, and stable catalysts helps to reduce the usage of noble metals in ORR. Atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADMCs) emerge as promising alternatives to replace commercial noble metals due to their high utilization of active metal atoms, high intrinsic activity, and controllable coordination environments.

A Microfabrication Technique for High-Performance Diffractive Optical Elements Tailored for Numerical Simulation.

Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are specialized optical components that manipulate light through diffraction for various applications, including holography, spectroscopy, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), and light detection and ranging (LiDAR). The performance of DOEs is highly determined by fabricated materials and fabrication methods, in addition to the numerical simulation design. This paper presents a microfabrication technique optimized for DOEs, enabling precise control of critical parameters, such as refractive index (RI) and thickness.

Polydopamine-Induced BMP7-Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid)-Nanoparticle Coating Facilitates Osteogenesis in Porous Tantalum Scaffolds.

Bone defects are difficult to treat clinically and most often require bone grafting for repair. However, the source of autograft bone is limited, and allograft bone carries the risk of disease transmission and immune rejection. As tissue engineering technology advances, bone replacement materials are playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of bone defects.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Combined with Antiangiogenic Agent Synergistically Improving the Treatment Efficacy for Solid Tumors.

In recent years, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with antiangiogenic agents has led to significant breakthroughs in cancer treatment. Such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Antiangiogenic therapy plays a pivotal role in normalizing blood vessels and remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment while ICIs not only enhance the host's antitumor immune response by blocking negative regulatory signals but also promote vascular normalization.

Advantages and rational application of indocyanine green fluorescence in pulmonary nodule surgery: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: The early detection and early treatment of high-risk pulmonary nodules directly affect the long-term survival rate of patients. However, conventional nodule localization methods, such as hook-wire, technetium-99m, and methylene blue are associated with issues such as a high-frequency of complications, low patient tolerance, serious side effects, and inability to identify pigmented lungs. For patients who require segmentectomy, there is often a lack of effective path planning, resulting in insufficient resection margins or excessive loss of lung function.

Vagus Nerve Preservation for Early Distal Gastric Cancer With Monitoring and Indocyanine Green Labeling: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Radical gastric cancer surgery can cause functional and physiological disorders due to the resection of perigastric vagus nerves. Few studies have used intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and indocyanine green (ICG) labeling to preserve the perigastric vagus nerve and to evaluate the corresponding effects.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and effects of vagus nerve preservation using neurophysiologic monitoring and ICG labeling during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in patients with early distal gastric cancer.

C Fullerene-Induced Reduction of Metal Ions: Synthesis of C-Metal Cluster Heterostructures with High Electrocatalytic Hydrogen-Evolution Performance.

Metal clusters, due to their small dimensions, contain a high proportion of surface atoms, thus possessing a significantly improved catalytic activity compared with their bulk counterparts and nanoparticles. Defective and modified carbon supports are effective in stabilizing metal clusters, however, the synthesis of isolated metal clusters still requires multiple steps and harsh conditions. Herein, we develop a C fullerene-driven spontaneous metal deposition process, where C serves as both a reductant and an anchor, to achieve uniform metal (Rh, Ir, Pt, Pd, Au and Ru) clusters without the need for any defects or functional groups on C.

Geographical epidemiology of Hyalomma anatolicum and Rhipicephalus microplus in Pakistan: A systematic review.

The livestock sector contributes almost 11% of Pakistan's GDP and is crucial to 35 million people's livelihoods. Ticks are a major economic threat, as over 80% of livestock, such as bovines, are tick-infested with Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus tick species. Hyalomma anatolicum and Rhipicephalus microplus are the most common tick species collected from livestock, transmitting primarily anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and theileriosis.

Extending the π-Conjugation of a Donor-Acceptor Covalent Organic Framework for High-Rate and High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Realizing high-rate and high-capacity features of Lihium-organic batteries is essential for their practical use but remains a big challenge, which is due to the instrinsic poor conductivity, limited redox kinetics and low utility of organic electrode mateials. This work presents a well-designed donor-acceptor Covalent Organic Framework (COFs) with extended conjugation, mesoscale porosity, and dual redox-active centers to promote fast charge transfer and multi-electron processes. As anticipated, the prepared cathode with benzo [1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-b''] trithiophene (BTT) as p-type and pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (PTO) as n-type material (BTT-PTO-COF) delivers impressive specific capacity (218 mAh g at 0.

Efficient recovery of zinc and copper from copper smelting slag (CSS) by cooperative modification with a composite medium of FeS-O.

Efficient recovery of valuable metals from copper smelting slag (CSS) can not only alleviate the pressure from resource scarcity, but also has important practical significance for the realization of green and sustainable production in the copper smelting industry. In this paper, a composite medium of FeS-O is used as a synergistic modifier to transform the solid-state valuable metals in CSS into leachable state of sulphates, and achieves efficient and comprehensive recovery of zinc and copper through neutral leaching. XRD, FTIR, XPS, etc and comparative analysis methods are used to deeply analyze the characteristics of occurrence phase and transformation rules of valuable metal in CSS, roasted slag and leached slag.

Leveraging cfDNA fragmentomic features in a stacked ensemble model for early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

In this study, we develop a stacked ensemble model that utilizes cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentomics for the early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This model incorporates four distinct fragmentomics features derived from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and advanced machine learning algorithms for robust analysis. It is validated across both an independent validation cohort and an external cohort to ensure its generalizability and effectiveness.

SIRT1: a novel regulator in colorectal cancer.

The class-III histone deacetylase SIRT1 is the most extensively investigated sirtuin deacetylase. It is resistant to the broad deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A and depends on oxidized nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD). SIRT1 plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of numerous types of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC).

Growth hormone improves insulin resistance in visceral adipose tissue after duodenal-jejunal bypass by regulating adiponectin secretion.

Background: The mechanism of improvement of type 2 diabetes after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery is not clear.

Aim: To study the morphological and functional changes in adipose tissue after DJB and explore the potential mechanisms contributing to postoperative insulin sensitivity improvement of adipose tissue in a diabetic male rat model.

Methods: DJB and sham surgery was performed in a-high-fat-diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model.

Re-assessing thermal response of schistosomiasis transmission risk: evidence for a higher thermal optimum than previously predicted.

The geographical range of schistosomiasis is affected by the ecology of schistosome parasites and their obligate host snails, including their response to temperature. Previous models predicted schistosomiasis' thermal optimum at 21.7 °C, which is not compatible with the temperature in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regions where schistosomiasis is hyperendemic.

A Dual-Function CD47-Targeting Nano-Drug Delivery System Used to Regulate Immune and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a primary contributor to cardiovascular disease. Current studies have highlighted the association between the immune system, particularly immune cells, and atherosclerosis, although treatment options and clinical trials remain scarce. Immunotherapy for cardiovascular disease is still in its infancy.

Recent advances in electrosynthesis of HO two-electron oxygen reduction reaction.

The electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (HO) a selective two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR) presents a green and low-energy-consumption alternative to the traditional, energy-intensive anthraquinone process. This review encapsulates the principles of designing relational electrocatalysts for 2e ORR and explores remaining setups for large-scale HO production. Initially, the review delineates the fundamental reaction mechanisms of HO production 2e ORR and assesses performance.

DFT Study of Functional Reduction of CO with BHNMe: The Real Role of Organic Catalyst TBD.

The detailed mechanism of transition metal-free-catalyzed monomethylation of 2-naphthyl acetonitrile () with CO in the presence of triazabicyclodecene (TBD) and BHNMe was investigated using density functional theory. The C-methylation process proved to generate formaldehyde followed by the formation of the product via an alcohol rather than a methoxyborane intermediate. During the reaction, CO is activated to form the adduct and BHNMe is changed into () in the presence of TBD.

A TICT-AIE activated dual-channel fluorescence-on probe to reveal the dynamics mechanosensing of lipid droplets during ferroptosis.

Mechanical forces play a crucial role in cellular processes, including ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death associated with various diseases. However, the mechanical aspects of organelle lipid droplets (LDs) during ferroptosis are poorly understood. In this study, we designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe, TPE-V1, to enable real-time monitoring of LDs' viscosity using a dual-channel fluorescence-on model (red channel at 617 nm and NIR channel at 710 nm).

Electropolymerization of Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymer for Efficient Dual-Ion Storage.

Rationally designed organic redox-active materials have attracted numerous interests due to their excellent electrochemical performance and reasonable sustainability. However, they often suffer from poor cycling stability, intrinsic low operating potential, and poor rate performance. Herein, a novel Donor-Acceptor (D-A) bipolar polymer with n-type pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone unit storing Li cations and p-type carbazole unit which attracts anions and provides polymerization sites is employed as a cathode for lithium-ion batteries through in situ electropolymerization.

Theory and application of TTFields in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. TTFields is a therapy that use intermediate-frequency and low-intensity alternating electric fields to treat tumors. For patients with ndGBM, the addition of TTFields after the concurrent chemoradiotherapy phase of the Stupp regimen can improve prognosis.

Behavioral Characteristics of China's NEET-Prone University Students and Graduates: A Survey from Southwest China.

The NEET phenomenon (not in education, employment or training) has significant implications, both for individuals and society at large. While China's higher education students are particularly susceptible to becoming NEET, relatively little attention has been given to understanding this issue. To address this research gap and contribute to the study of NEET in China, this paper collected a total of 12,616 samples from current higher education students and those who graduated within the past three years from universities in seven provinces of Southwest China, finding that 21.