Core-shell structured FeO@C hollow nanospheres as a high-performance negative material for potassium-ion batteries.

FeO is considered a promising electrode for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) applications due to their natural abundance, low cost and high theoretical capacity. However, FeO suffers from capacity decay and sluggish reaction kinetic during the electrochemical process. Herein, the unique core-shell FeO@C featured with hollow nanospheres FeO as core and amorphous carbon layer as protect shell, the optimal framework of FeO@C is proposed to improve the structural stability and promote K charge transport.

Precise synthesis of hollow IrCu alloy nanoparticles for hydrogenation of substituted nitroaromatics.

Hollow structured nanoparticles exhibit unique capabilities for catalytic applications; however, the accurate synthesis of these particles and a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between their structure and performance remain considerable challenges. In this work, hollow IrCu alloy nanoparticles were synthesized through chemical reduction and electrochemical post-leaching processes. The carbon-supported IrCu bimetallic nanoparticles were then evaluated for hydrogenation of various nitroaromatics.

Liang-Ge-San attenuates virus-induced acute lung injury by targeting FXR-mediated ACE2 downregulation to modulate the formation of the cytokine storm.

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine has been recognized for its significant role in treating acute lung injury (ALI) due to its distinct therapeutic advantages. Liang-Ge-San (LGS), a formulation from the ancient "Taiping Huimin Hejiju Fang", is believed to possess beneficial effects for treating ALI. However, LGS's precise mechanisms and efficacy in addressing viral ALI remain inadequately explored.

Diverse anti-inflammatory lindenane sesquiterpenoid hetero- or homo-dimers from Chloranthus holostegius var. shimianensis.

Twenty-seven dimeric lindenane sesquiterpenoid (LS) derivatives, including thirteen new hetero- or homo-dimers (1-13), were discovered from rare Chloranthaceae plant Chloranthus holostegius var. shimianensis. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of HRMS, spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and CD exciton chirality method.

Impacts of sulfamethoxazole on heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria and its response strategies: Insights from physiology to proteomics.

The effects of sulfonamide antibiotics on heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) and the response mechanisms of HN-AD bacteria are not fully understood. This study investigated the physiological changes and proteomic responses of the HN-AD bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri (P. stutzeri) under varying concentrations of sulfamethoxazole (SMX).

Enhancing RBP4 protein detection in clinical urine samples with solid-state nanopores through optimized sandwich immunoassay techniques.

Nanopore technology is a promising single-molecule sensing platform that can identify substances through the precise monitoring of changes in ion currents. However, protein detection in clinical samples using solid-state nanopores remains challenging due to their heterogeneously charged spherical structure, which results in signals with extremely low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and low capture rates that are difficult to analyze. In this study, we employed a double-antibody sandwich technique to specifically capture and amplify the target antigen, which significantly improves the SNR and effectively distinguishes the target signal from background interference.

The pancreatitis-cancer transformation-related factor, human rhomboid family-1, promotes pancreatic cancer progression through the SRC/YAP signaling pathway.

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy characterized by rapid progression, unfavorable outcomes, and a low early detection rate. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of pancreatic tumors is essential for early detection and for developing preventive measures. Even though human rhomboid family-1 (RHBDF) acts as an oncogene in various tumors, the role of RHBDF in pancreatic cancer progression remains unexplored.

Antioxidant defense response mediated by DAF-16 attenuates toxicity of herbicides glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium on Caenorhabditis elegans.

Glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium are widely used herbicides in agriculture for weed elimination. These unused glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium are discharged into environmental water, soil, and even in the food chain cycle, which greatly threatens ecosystems and human health. However, the toxicological mechanism of glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium on soil non-target organisms remains largely unknown.

Targeting dePARylation in cancer therapy.

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), a reversible post-translational modification mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), plays crucial roles in DNA replication and DNA damage repair. Since interfering PARylation induces selective cytotoxicity in tumor cells with homologous recombination defects, PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have significant clinical impacts in treating BRCA-mutant cancer patients. Likewise, dePARylation is also essential for optimal DNA damage response and genomic stability.

Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency, Replacement Therapy, and Outcomes in Long-Term Childhood Cancer Survivors.

Context: The consequences of untreated adult growth hormone deficiency (aGHD) among childhood cancer survivors are not well-defined. The lack of evidence and socioeconomic factors may contribute to underutilization of growth hormone therapy (GHT) among survivors with aGHD.

Objectives: To examine the association of GHT use with socioeconomic factors and to assess the impact of untreated aGHD in survivors using insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) as a marker of GH action.

Developing an Electronic Frailty Index (eFI) and a biological age trajectory with a cohort of over one million older adults in Hong Kong.

Background: Electronic health record (EHR) has been in place in many parts of the world. This fits in very well to the frailty index calculation proposed by Rockwood and thus a frailty index can potentially be generated automatically from an EHR database. Therefore, the Hong Kong Hospital Authority (HA) attempted to develop an electronic frailty index (HK eFI), by employing thirty-eight health variables from her own EHR database.

Two new cyclopentanoid monoterpenes from the fruits of .

Two new cyclopentanoid monoterpenes, catalpovatins A-B (-), together with nine known compounds (-), were isolated from the fruits of G. Don. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on their spectroscopic data.

Defining histamine H2 receptor antagonist response in critically ill patients with heart failure: a machine learning cluster analysis.

Background: Recent studies showed histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) exposure was associated with reduced mortality in heart failure (HF) patients. However, specific HF patients who are sensitive to H2RAs exposure or not are yet to be further defined.

Aim: This study aimed to identify HF patient characteristics that may benefit from H2RAs exposure.

Identification of LIMK1 as a biomarker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: from data mining to validation.

Purpose: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common types of renal cancer. LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) reportedly plays an important role in tumorigenesis. However, the involvement of LIMK1 in the progression of ccRCC remains ambiguous.

Gut metabolites and functional recovery after ischemic stroke: a genetic perspective.

The current study explores the relationship between genetically predicted gut metabolites and functional outcomes following ischemic stroke, utilizing the Mendelian Randomization (MR) framework. Genetic information regarding gut microbiota-derived metabolites was sourced from 2076 participants of European descent participating in the Framingham Heart Study. Data on functional outcomes 90 days post-ischemic stroke were acquired from the Genetics of Ischemic Stroke Functional Outcomes Network (n = 6,021).

Realization of Intrinsic Colossal Magnetoresistance in Pb(PbHg)MnO: An A Site-Ordered Quadruple Perovskite Oxide.

Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effects have been extensively studied in ABO perovskite manganites where the Mn-O-Mn double-exchange mechanism plays a pivotal role. However, A-site-ordered AA'BO-type quadruple perovskite oxides exhibit significantly suppressed double exchange due to their extremely small B-O-B bond angles (≈140°), hindering the realization of intrinsic CMR effects. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a novel quadruple perovskite oxide Pb(PbHg)MnO (PPHMO) characterized by an unusually increased Mn-O-Mn bond angle of up to 153°.

Flexibility, Photothermal Property, Antibacterial Ability, and Mineralization Activity of Cu/Mn-Doped Inorganic Nanofibers.

Inorganic nanofibers have emerged as a promising frontier in biomedical research thanks to their unique nanomorphology and bioactivity. Furthermore, the ions released from these inorganic biomaterials play a crucial role in determining cell identity and driving tissue-specific functions. Notably, Cu and Mn, which are essential trace elements in the human body, play significant roles in promoting bone health and participating in metabolic processes.

Fluorinated Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Nanoassembly Enables Oxygen-Enriched and Targeted Photodynamic Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy has become a promising treatment modality against many diseases, but its dilemma-the intrinsic hypoxia of solid tumors and the high oxygen dependence for generation of cytotoxic species-has seriously hampered its practical translation. Herein a binary supramolecular nanocarrier, which is composed of fluorocarbon chain-appended β-cyclodextrin as an oxygen carrier and adamantane-grafted hyaluronic acid as a cell-targeting agent, can deliver different types of photosensitizers by multiple noncovalent interactions. Superior to the alkylated counterpart, the fluorinated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin can spontaneously form a nanoparticulate assembly and exhibit high oxygen-enrichment performance.

Extreme pH Tolerance in Peptide Coacervates Mediated by Multivalent Hydrogen Bonds for Enzyme-Triggered Oral Drug Delivery.

Biopolymer-based complex coacervates hold promising prospects in the field of biomedicine. However, their low stability in environments with extreme pH and high salt concentrations, largely due to weakly charged biomacromolecules and insufficient understanding of their assembly processes, has hindered their practical applications in oral drug delivery. Here, we have developed Dopa-containing peptide-based complex coacervates that are stable across a wide range of pH (1-11) and salt concentrations.

Marine Transport Barrier for Traditional and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Southeast Indian Ocean and Antarctic Marginal Seas.

Traditional per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been observed in the remote Southern Ocean. In contrast, current knowledge about emerging PFASs, such as perfluoroether carboxylic acids (PFECAs), and their transport mechanisms remains ambiguous. In this study, the occurrence and transport of both traditional and emerging PFASs in the surface seawater of the Southeast Indian Ocean and Antarctic marginal seas are comprehensively discussed by integrating hydrological data.

Enhancing Osteogenesis through Bio-Inspired Recombinant Coral Protein Galaxin by Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism and ATP Production.

Bio-inspired coral-derived scaffolds have been adopted for bone regeneration. However, these confront challenges such as the limited osteoinductive properties, environmental concerns, and ambiguous calcification mechanisms in coral proteins. In this study, the role of the recombinant coral protein galaxin in promoting osteogenesis is investigated.

Optimization of Lipid Nanoparticles with Robust Efficiency for the Delivery of Protein Therapeutics to Augment Cancer Immunotherapy.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been successful in delivering nucleic acids like siRNA and mRNA, but face challenges in protein delivery due to limited protein encapsulation and endosome escape. In this study, a family of LNPs is developed with robust high efficiency in addressing the multiple barriers in cytosolic protein delivery by incorporating clinically approved ionizable lipids into traditional cationic LNPs. The combination of cationic and ionizable lipids enables efficient protein binding and endosomal escape.

Emerging translocator protein-positron emission tomographic imaging improves detection of focal cortical dysplasia.

Objective: The identification of epileptic lesions is crucial for improving surgical outcomes. Nevertheless, substantial focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) may be invisible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aimed to characterize the expression pattern of 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in FCD and to evaluate the effectiveness of this inflammation-reflective molecular imaging technique for detecting FCD.

Machine Learning-Accelerated Design of High-Efficient Lithium Adsorbents for Salt Lake Brines.

The urgent demand for lithium resources has been advancing the development of high-efficient lithium extraction from brines. Aluminum-based lithium adsorbent, as the only one used in salt lake industry, is limited to further improve the extraction efficiency due to the low adsorption capacity. Here, we develop a high-throughput screening framework via interpretable machine learning (ML) to rapidly determine high-performance modification strategies for the aluminum-based lithium adsorbent, avoiding huge workload from traditional trial-and-error doping experiments in view of multiple doping schemes and the unique trade-off between performance and structural stability.