Stereotactic radiofrequency lesioning of caudal zona incerta for parkinsonian tremor.

This video showcases stereotactic radiofrequency lesioning of the caudal zona incerta (CZi) for parkinsonian tremor in a 70-year-old patient. The preoperative evaluation, including imaging and frame placement, is detailed. The surgical procedure involves meticulous targeting and trajectory planning.

The Rocker Technique for Atlantoaxial Dislocation With or Without Basilar Invagination: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background And Objectives: Atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) poses a complex surgical challenge. Surgical approaches vary for reducible and irreducible cases. Challenges persist in reducing the atlantodental interval, especially in cases with oblique or vertical C1-C2 joints.

A Model with Feedback Mechanism for Learning Hand-Eye Coordination: A Pilot Study.

Background: Practicing neuroendoscopic skills like hand-eye coordination is mandatory before embarking on actual surgeries. Synthetic models are able alternatives for cadavers and animals. Presently available models in the literature are either very costly or lack a feedback mechanism, which makes training difficult.

Endoscopic Management of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Using a Novel Brain Retractor.

Background: Endoscopic procedures are useful in chronic subdural hematoma especially when there are septations, solid/organized hematoma, and the presence of bridging or neovessels in the cavity. Visualizing the distal hematoma cavity by a rigid scope is challenging in large and curved ones due to the hindrance by the brain surface. Combining rigid endoscopy and brain retractor can overcome this limitation.

Effect of Vaccination on COVID-19 Severity and Outcome: A Comparative Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Introduction: Vaccination is an important aspect of preventing/decreasing the severity of any viral disease including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). This disease being very new in the experience of mankind has very little data on the effect of vaccination on the severity of this disease. We conducted this study with the primary objective to assess the severity and clinical outcome of COVID-19 infections among nonvaccinated and vaccinated individuals.

A Novel Brain Retractor for Endoscopic Evacuation of Chronic Subdural Hematoma.

Background: Endoscopic chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) evacuation is a safe and effective alternative to the conventional burr hole technique. Although a rigid endoscope has the advantage of good visualization, there are risks of brain damage due to limited space to accommodate the scope and frequent lens soiling.

Objective: This technical note describes a novel brain retractor to overcome the limitations of rigid endoscopy.

Seventh Cervical Nerve (C7) Transection for Spastic Arm Paralysis After Cerebral Injury.

Background: Spastic limb paralysis because of cerebral injury can cause long-term disability. Its treatment varies from conservative to operative; however, the optimum treatment is yet to be found.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that patients with spastic arm paralysis who receive C7 nerve transection to their paralyzed side might have reduction in spasticity, pain, and improvement in arm function.

Epilepsy-Related Injuries in Children: An Institution-Based Study.

Background: Epilepsy carries a lifetime risk of seizure-related accidents. The risk varies according to the socioeconomic profile of a place. Sufficient data is lacking for epilepsy-related accidents in the pediatric population.

Rotational Occipital Scalp Flap for Occipital Pressure Ulcer.

Occipital pressure ulcers and wound gaping may occur in unconscious and malnourished patients. Most of the time, a large defect requires wound coverage by scalp flaps. This video describes a rotational occipital scalp flap for occipital pressure ulcer and wound gaping in a patient of operated midline posterior fossa mass & ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

CN: glucagon-based novel isotope dilution mass spectrometry method for measurement of glucagon metabolism in humans.

Background: Glucagon serves as an important regulatory hormone for regulating blood glucose concentration with tight feedback control exerted by insulin and glucose. There are critical gaps in our understanding of glucagon kinetics, pancreatic α cell function and intra-islet feedback network that are disrupted in type 1 diabetes. This is important for translational research applications of evolving dual-hormone (insulin + glucagon) closed-loop artificial pancreas algorithms and their usage in type 1 diabetes.

Cadaveric study to assess the feasibility of S1 neurectomy and contralateral S1 transfer for spastic hemiparesis.

Purpose: Acquired brain injury causing spasticity, pain and loss of function is a major cause of disability and lower quality of life. Sacral 1 (S1) neurectomy claims promising outcomes in spastic hemiparesis. This cadaveric study was conducted to study the surgical anatomy, surgical approach and feasibility of S1 neurectomy and contralateral S1 (cS1) transfer.

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy - A Review.

Background: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has become a proven modality for treating obstructive and selected cases of communicating hydrocephalus.

Objective: This review aims to summarize the indications, preoperative workup, surgical technique, results, postoperative care, complications, advantages, and limitations of an ETV.

Materials And Methods: A thorough review of PubMed and Google Scholar was performed.

Lumboperitoneal Shunts - Patient Selection, Technique, and Complication Avoidance: An Experience of 426 Cases.

Background: Lumboperitoneal shunt is a known procedure for communicating hydrocephalus. Being an extracranial procedure, it can also be utilized in normal-sized ventricles.

Objective: To report our experience of lumboperitoneal shunt done with a minimal follow-up of 12 months with an emphasis on patient selection, technique, and complication avoidance.

Endoscopic-Assisted C2 Transverse Process Mass Excision.

Background And Introduction: C2 transverse process exostoses are rare lesions. Due to critical structures surrounding them, their excision is challenging. There are sparse reports of anterior retropharyngeal approach (ARPA) for high-cervical transverse process mass and none for endoscopic ARPA approach.

Endoscope-controlled Access to Thalamic Tumors using Tubular Brain Retractor: An Alternative Approach to Microscopic Excision.

Background:  Surgery for thalamic lesions has been considered challenging due to their deep-seated location. Endoscopic excision of deep-seated brain tumors using tubular retractor has been shown to be safe and effective in prior studies; however, there are limited reports regarding its use for thalamic tumors. We present our experience of endoscope-controlled resection of thalamic tumors using a tubular retractor.

Endoscopic Anterior Cervical Discectomy (Disc Preserving).

Background And Introduction: Endoscopic anterior cervical approach has several advantages compared to conventional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Objective: This video demonstrates a step-by-step procedure for endoscopic anterior cervical discectomy.

Procedure: The patient is placed supine with the neck extended.

Teaching Glasgow Coma Scale Assessment by Videos: A Prospective Interventional Study among Surgical Residents.

 Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assessment is vital for the management of various neurological, neurosurgical, and critical care disorders. Learning GCS scoring needs good training and practice. Due to limitation of teachers, the new entrants of the clinical team find it difficult to learn and use it correctly.

The Effect of Aerosolized Chlorpheniramine Maleate on Exercise Induced Bronchospasm and Gas Exchange in Asthmatics.

Introduction: Exercise induced asthma (EIB) is an acute, reversible, usually selflimiting airways obstruction which sets in after exercise in patients with asthma. One popular mechanism of EIA is the increase in histamine and its metabolites in circulation after exercise, which leads to bronchoconstriction via histamine receptors in bronchi. Chlorpheniramine Maleate is potent, less sedative antihistaminic drug, which acts by inhibiting histamine release from mast cells.