Biological Age Acceleration and Colonic Polyps in Persons under Age 50.

Epigenetic clocks can quantify DNA methylation by measuring the methylation levels at specific sites in the genome, which correlate with biological age (BA). Accelerated aging, where BA exceeds chronologic age, has been studied in relation to cancer development, but its utility in cancer prevention remains unclear. Accelerated aging holds promise as a tool to explain the increase in early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC).

Epidemiologic trends of infants with orofacial clefts in a multiethnic country: a retrospective population-based study.

Cleft births surveillance is essential in healthcare and prevention planning. Data are needed in precision medicine to target upstream management for at-risk individuals. This study characterizes Singapore's population-based orofacial cleft topography by ethnicity and gender, and establishes the cleft cohort's infant mortality rate.

Dental Subphenotypes in Infants With Orofacial Clefts-A Longitudinal Population-Based Retrospective Radiographic Study of the Primary and Secondary Dentitions.

Objectives: To determine the developmental patterns of primary and secondary dentitions in infants with orofacial clefts.

Design: Retrospective, longitudinal, population-based cohort study.

Materials: Longitudinal records and radiographs of 192 nonsyndromic Northern European infants with isolated unilateral cleft lip (UCL, n = 111) and isolated cleft palate (CP, n = 81).

Temporomandibular disorders in prospective orthodontic patients.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in prospective orthodontic patients. The association between TMDs and malocclusion severity as well as the impact of TMDs on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) were also examined.

Materials And Methods: A total of 350 consecutive patients seeking orthodontic treatment were invited to participate in the study.

Deep orofacial phenotyping of population-based infants with isolated cleft lip and isolated cleft palate.

Isolated orofacial clefts (OFC) are common with poorly understood aetiology. Heterogeneous phenotypes and subphenotypes confound aetiological variant findings. To improve OFC phenome understanding, population-based, consecutive, pre-treatment infants with isolated unilateral cleft lip (UCL, n = 183) and isolated cleft palate (CP, n = 83) of similar ancestry were grouped for deep phenotyping.

Oral Appliances in the Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a multifactorial condition, and an interdisciplinary approach to diagnosis forms the basis for effective treatment planning. Craniofacial structure and attached soft tissues and muscles play a central role in OSA. Evidence-based studies demonstrate the effectiveness of oral appliances for mandibular advancement and tongue stabilization in managing OSA, and current clinical standards of practice recommend the use of oral appliances to treat OSA when patients cannot tolerate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

Secondary dentition characteristics in an ethnic Chinese orthodontic population: A retrospective cross-sectional study.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of dental anomalies and its association with gender.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using radiographs, photographs and clinical records of patients who attended the Department of Orthodontics at the National Dental Centre Singapore. Records of 2508 ethnic Chinese orthodontic patients aged 14-25 years were examined for the prevalence of dental anomalies in the permanent dentition, excluding third molars.

Oral Appliances in the Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a multifactorial condition, and an interdisciplinary approach to diagnosis forms the basis for effective treatment planning. Craniofacial structure and attached soft tissues and muscles play a central role in OSA. Evidence-based studies demonstrate the effectiveness of oral appliances for mandibular advancement and tongue stabilization in managing OSA, and current clinical standards of practice recommend the use of oral appliances to treat OSA when patients cannot tolerate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

Secondary Dentition Characteristics in Children With Nonsyndromic Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: Children with cleft lip and palate are reported to be commonly associated with higher prevalence of dental anomalies such as hypodontia, supernumeraries, and abnormalities in tooth size, shape, and position. This study investigated the prevalence of dental anomalies in a longitudinal cohort of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).

Design: The study was a retrospective analysis of radiographs, study models, and treatment notes.

Longitudinal dental maturation of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate: A case-control cohort study.

Objectives: Many reports suggest that children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) have delayed dental development and asymmetrical timing of tooth-pair formation. We aimed to investigate the dental maturation of permanent teeth in children with complete unilateral CLP (UCLP) and compare the findings with non-CLP children.

Setting And Sample Population: This case-control study used 115 radiographs of children with complete UCLP and controls (non-CLP children matched on age, gender and ethnicity) from a hospital-based dental clinic in Singapore.

Characterisation of microbial communities within aggressive prostate cancer tissues.

Background: An infectious aetiology for prostate cancer has been conjectured for decades but the evidence gained from questionnaire-based and sero-epidemiological studies is weak and inconsistent, and a causal association with any infectious agent is not established. We describe and evaluate the application of new technology to detect bacterial and viral agents in high-grade prostate cancer tissues. The potential of targeted 16S rRNA gene sequencing and total RNA sequencing was evaluated in terms of its utility to characterise microbial communities within high-grade prostate tumours.

Corrigendum to "A Study of Success Rate of Miniscrew Implants as Temporary Anchorage Devices in Singapore".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2015/294670.].

Detection of infectious organisms in archival prostate cancer tissues.

Background: Seroepidemiological studies have reported associations between exposure to sexually transmitted organisms and prostate cancer risk. This study sought DNA evidence of candidate organisms in archival prostate cancer tissues with the aim of assessing if a subset of these cancers show any association with common genital infections.

Methods: 221 archival paraffin-embedded tissue blocks representing 128 histopathologically confirmed prostate cancers comprising 52 "aggressive" (Gleason score ≥ 7) and 76 "non-aggressive" (Gleason score ≤ 6) TURP or radical prostatectomy specimens were examined, as well as unaffected adjacent tissue when available.

Dental maturation of unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common craniofacial abnormality and the fourth most common birth defect in Singapore. Many reports suggest that CLP children have delayed dental development and asymmetrical timing of tooth-pair formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the timing of development of permanent teeth in unilateral CLP (UCLP) children and to compare the findings with non-CLP children in Singapore.

Computer prediction of hard tissue profiles in orthognathic surgery.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the accuracy of computer predictions by CASSOS (Computer-Assisted Simulation System for Orthognathic Surgery) 2001 software (2000 SoftEnable, Technology). Forty adult patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery were evaluated. Pre- and postsurgical lateral cephalographs were scanned into the computer, and 71 landmarks for each cephalograph were digitized.

Recording compliance of dental splint use in obstructive sleep apnoea patients by force and temperature modelling.

Fibre-optic sensors are used to monitor the force and temperature of dental splints worn by patients suffering from sleep apnoea. Owing to the small size of the sensors, they can be easily embedded within the splint in a way that does not affect the effectiveness of the splint, and, at the same time, are able to indicate whether the splint has been properly worn by the patient. The overall dimensions of the sensor are approximately 0.

Early predictors of neurodevelopmental outcome in symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

Objective: To determine the ability of neonatal clinical, audiologic, and computed tomography (CT) findings to predict long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in children with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.

Methods: Longitudinal cohort study of children (n = 41) with symptomatic congenital CMV infection evaluated at birth and followed up with serial age-appropriate neurodevelopmental testing. The performance of birth characteristics as predictors of long-term outcome were determined, and clinical and CT scoring systems were developed and correlated with intellectual outcome.

Cytomegalovirus urinary excretion and long term outcome in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Congenital CMV Longitudinal Study Group.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital infection, and both symptomatic and asymptomatic infants may have long term sequelae. Children with congenital CMV infection are chronically infected and excrete CMV in the urine for prolonged periods. However, the effect of prolonged viral replication on the long term outcome of these children is unknown.

Cleft width and secondary alveolar bone graft success.

Fifty-six cleft sites were reviewed prior to alveolar bone grafting and subsequently evaluated for graft success using study models, periapical and occlusal radiographs from the Lancaster Cleft Palate Clinic. All patients in this sample had presurgical orthodontics to expand and align the maxillary arch prior to alveolar bone grafting. Ninety-five percent of the grafts were done using iliac crest, the remaining 5% were cranial grafts.

Asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Audiologic, neuroradiologic, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities during the first year.

Twenty-eight infants with asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection and 13 control infants were followed up prospectively. Congenital sensorineural hearing loss was documented by auditory brain-stem responses in four infected infants (two had mild bilateral loss, one had mild unilateral loss, and one had extreme unilateral loss) but in no controls. Four infected infants had diffuse periventricular radiolucencies on computed tomographic scan; none had calcifications or ventriculomegaly.

Prevalence of cytomegalovirus antibody in subjects between the ages of 6 and 22 years.

We determined the prevalence of antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV) in three groups between 1985 and 1987. Group I consisted of 511 subjects 6-22 y old, group II consisted of 920 subjects 18-21 y old, and group III of 113 subjects 18-22 y old. The overall prevalence of antibody in these three groups was 34%, 24%, and 28%, respectively.