Mortality prediction in patients with hyperglycaemic crisis using explainable machine learning: a prospective, multicentre study based on tertiary hospitals.

Background: Experiencing a hyperglycaemic crisis is associated with a short- and long-term increased risk of mortality. We aimed to develop an explainable machine learning model for predicting 3-year mortality and providing individualized risk factor assessment of patients with hyperglycaemic crisis after admission.

Methods: Based on five representative machine learning algorithms, we trained prediction models on data from patients with hyperglycaemic crisis admitted to two tertiary hospitals between 2016 and 2020.

The impact of hyperglycaemic crisis episodes on long-term outcomes for inpatients presenting with acute organ injury: A prospective, multicentre follow-up study.

Background: The long-term clinical outcome of poor prognosis in patients with diabetic hyperglycaemic crisis episodes (HCE) remains unknown, which may be related to acute organ injury (AOI) and its continuous damage after hospital discharge. This study aimed to observe the clinical differences and relevant risk factors in HCE with or without AOI.

Methods: A total of 339 inpatients were divided into an AOI group (n=69) and a non-AOI group (n=270), and their differences and risk factors were explored.

PPARγ attenuates hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress of non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis via modulating the miR‑21‑5p/SFRP5 pathway.

Inflammation and oxidative stress are key steps in the progression of non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Intervention in these two processes will therefore benefit NASH treatment. Peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ), as a multiple functional transcription factor, has been reported to be involved in the prevention of NASH progression.

Inwardly rectifying potassium channel 5.1: Structure, function, and possible roles in diseases.

Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels make it easier for K to enter into a cell and subsequently regulate cellular biological functions. Kir5.1 (encoded by ) alone can form a homotetramer and can form heterotetramers with Kir4.

Long-Term Outcomes of BMMSC Compared with BMMNC for Treatment of Critical Limb Ischemia and Foot Ulcer in Patients with Diabetes.

We first compared long-term clinical outcomes in treating critical limb ischemia (CLI) and foot ulcer in patients with diabetes between autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) and bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BMMNC) transplants. Forty-one patients were enrolled and followed up for 3 years. They received an 18-day standard treatment before stem cell transplantation.

Increased levels of serum pigment epithelium-derived factor aggravate proteinuria via induction of podocyte actin rearrangement.

Purpose: To assess the role of serum pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in the occurrence and development of proteinuria and renal dysfunction and determine its relevant signaling pathway.

Methods: We analyzed serum PEDF, creatinine, the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and renal morphology of normal or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, before and after treatment with PEDF. In vitro, podocytes were stimulated with PEDF under normal or high-glucose conditions; permeability was measured by the transwell assay with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran; and F-actin cytoskeleton was analyzed by phalloidin staining.

SFRP5 is a target gene transcriptionally regulated by PPARγ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) is a newly identified adipokine. SFRP5 expression increases during the differentiation and maturation of adipocytes, but the factors regulating SFRP5 expression during this process remain unclear. This study showed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) adenovirus transfection could enhance the SFRP5 expression of 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

ADP-ribosylation factor-like GTPase 15 enhances insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation in the IR/IRS1/AKT pathway by interacting with ASAP2 and regulating PDPK1 activity.

Decreased phosphorylation in the insulin signalling pathway is a hallmark of insulin resistance. The causes of this phenomenon are complicated and multifactorial. Recently, genomic analyses have identified ARL15 as a new candidate gene related to diabetes.

Atgl deficiency induces podocyte apoptosis and leads to glomerular filtration barrier damage.

Unlabelled: Abnormal lipid metabolism, renal lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity are associated with the pathological features of glomerulopathy. However, the mechanisms by which lipid accumulation leads to the development or progression of this disease have not been fully elucidated. In this work, we have identified a role for the rate-limiting enzyme in lipolysis, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL; also called patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2), in renal lipid metabolism and kidney disease.

Li-Gan-Shi-Liu-Ba-Wei-San improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through enhancing lipid oxidation and alleviating oxidation stress.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Mongolian medicine is an important constituent of traditional Chinese medicine. Its representative prescription, Li-Gan-Shi-Liu-Ba-Wei-San (LGSLBWS), is widely used for long-term treatment of chronic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Aim Of The Study: This study explored the effects and mechanism of LGSLBWS on NAFLD.

Decreased A20 mRNA and protein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with type 2 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.

Aims: A20 is a negative regulator of nuclear factor kappa B activation and the central gatekeeper in inflammation and immunity. While its role in type 1 diabetes has been widely studied, its expression level in immune cells from type 2 diabetes (T2D) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adult (LADA) patients remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify whether the expression of A20 is altered in patients with T2D or LADA.

Transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO₂): a novel diagnostic tool for peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients.

Aims: The assessment of transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) may serve as a non-invasive and lower-cost alternative to nerve conduction studies (NCSs) for the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The aim of this study was to determine whether the measurement of TcPO2 is useful for evaluating DPN.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 381 consecutive hospitalized diabetic patients classified by clinical examination and NCS as having DPN.

Serum retinol-binding protein 4 levels are elevated but do not contribute to insulin resistance in newly diagnosed Chinese hypertensive patients.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is closely correlated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a novel adipokine that modulates the action of insulin in various diseases. This study addressed the relationship between RBP4 and IR in newly diagnosed essential hypertension.

Hemoglobin combined with triglyceride and ferritin in predicting non-alcoholic fatty liver.

Background And Aim: The red blood cells (RBC) count is closely associated with insulin resistance (IR), which is origin of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the correlation of RBC indices with NAFLD.

Methods: A total of 977 cases including 446 NAFLD patients and 531 controls were enrolled and examined for biochemical and metabolic indices.

PGC-1α prevents apoptosis in adipose-derived stem cells by reducing reactive oxygen species production in a diabetic microenvironment.

Aims: To examine whether overexpression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) can prevent apoptosis in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and enhancing mitochondrial function in a diabetic environment.

Methods: After the isolation, expansion and characterisation of rat ASCs, we overexpressed PGC-1α in ASCs using an adenoviral vector encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) or PGC-1α and tested the apoptotic effect under conditions of high glucose, hypoxia and serum deprivation. The production of intracellular ROS and mitochondrial ROS was evaluated using dihydroethidium and CM-H2XRos fluorescent probes.

Identification of novel HLA-A 0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes from Zinc Transporter 8.

Numerous evidences demonstrated that type 1 diabetes (T1D) is due to a loss of immune tolerance to islet antigens, and CD8(+) T cells play an important role in the development of T1D. Zinc Transporter 8 (ZnT8) has emerged in recent years as a target of disease-associated autoreactive T cells in human T1D. However, ZnT8-associated CTL specific-peptides have not been identified.

Sfrp5 expression and secretion in adipocytes are up-regulated during differentiation and are negatively correlated with insulin resistance.

We have examined the patterns of Sfrp5 (secreted frizzled-related protein 5) mRNA expression and protein secretion during adipocyte differentiation, and investigated the potential role of Sfrp5 in IR (insulin resistance) in adipocytes. 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were induced for differentiation, and RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR) and ELISA assays were used to determine Sfrp5 mRNA expression and protein secretion. The results showed that with the differentiation and maturity of pre-adipocytes, transcription and protein secretion of Sfrp5 gradually increased, peaking on the 9th day of differentiation.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) enhances engraftment and angiogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic hindlimb ischemia.

To examine whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a key regulator linking angiogenesis and metabolism, could enhance the engraftment and angiogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in diabetic hindlimb ischemia, we engineered the overexpression of PGC-1α within MSCs using an adenoviral vector encoding green fluorescent protein and PGC-1α, and then tested the survivability and angiogenesis of MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Under the condition of hypoxia concomitant with serum deprivation, the overexpression of PGC-1α in MSCs resulted in a higher expression level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α), a greater ratio of B-cell lymphoma leukemia-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and a lower level of caspase 3 compared with the controls, followed by an increased survival rate and an elevated expression level of several proangiogenic factors. In vivo, the MSCs modified with PGC-1α could significantly increase the blood perfusion and capillary density of ischemic hindlimb of the diabetic rats, which was correlated to an improved survivability of MSCs and an increased level of several proangiogenic factors secreted by MSCs.

Down-regulation of zinc transporter 8 in the pancreas of db/db mice is rescued by Exendin-4 administration.

Recent human genetic studies have revealed that common variants of the zinc transporter 8 (ZnT-8) gene are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ZnT-8 has been suggested as a potential candidate in the regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression of ZnT-8 in the development of T2DM.

Serum bone morphogenetic protein 7, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion in non-diabetic individuals.

This study was to explore the relationship of serum BMP7 with insulin secretion and metabolic parameters in non-diabetic individuals. Serum BMP7 concentrations positively correlated with HOMA2-%B (insulin secretion index) and fasting insulin. Our findings suggested that BMP7 may stimulate insulin secretion and improve islet cell function in humans.

Comparison of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells for treatment of diabetic critical limb ischemia and foot ulcer: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

Aims: To identify better cells for the treatment of diabetic critical limb ischemia (CLI) and foot ulcer in a pilot trial.

Methods: Under ordinary treatment, the limbs of 41 type 2 diabetic patients with bilateral CLI and foot ulcer were injected intramuscularly with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMNCs), or normal saline (NS).

Results: The ulcer healing rate of the BMMSC group was significantly higher than that of BMMNCs at 6 weeks after injection (P=0.

Postnatal development of interstitial cells of Cajal in mouse colon in response to Kit signal blockade with Imatinib (Glivec).

This study investigated the response of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in postnatal mouse colon to treatment with Imatinib (Glivec), a potent inhibitor of Kit receptor). ICC were revealed by immunofluorescent staining on frozen cross-sections and whole-mount preparations by anti-Kit and DOG1 antibodies. Kit and p-Kit protein were also evaluated by Western blot.

Distribution, development and proliferation of interstitial cells of Cajal in murine colon: an immunohistochemical study from neonatal to adult life.

This paper aimed at investigating the alterations in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the proximal, middle and distal colon of mice from 0-day to 56-day post-partum (P0-P56) by immunohistochemistry. The Kit(+) ICC, which situated around myenteric nerve plexus (ICC-MY) were prominent at birth, meanwhile those cells within the smooth muscle layers (ICC-IM) and in the connective tissue beneath serosa (ICC-SS) began to appear. ICC-SM, which located at the submucosal border of circular muscle layer emerged at P6 in the proximal colon and subsequently in the distal colon at P8, and ICC in the oral side of colon revealed an earlier development in morphology and a higher density than that in the anal side.

[Inhibitory effect of short hairpin RNA on expression of Hax-1 gene in HeLa cells].

Aim: To construct the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) eukaryotic expression vector specific for HS1-associated protein X-1 (Hax-1) and investigate the inhibitory effect of it on Hax-1.

Methods: According to the design rules of shRNA, the specific sequence of 19 nucleotides were selected from Hax-1 cDNA sequence and designed as the cDNA template of siRNA. ShRNA vector pGenesil-Hax-1 was constructed by recombining the synthesized specific sequence with siRNA expression vector pGensil-1.