Early detection of dopaminergic dysfunction and glymphatic system impairment in Parkinson's disease.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the glymphatic function and its correlation with clinical characteristics and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) using hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS), choroid plexus volume (CPV), and enlarged perivascular space (EPVS) volume.

Methods: Twenty-five PD patients and thirty matched healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. All participants underwent F-fluorodopa (F-DOPA) PET-MRI scanning.

A rapid multi-parametric quantitative MR imaging method to assess Parkinson's disease: a feasibility study.

Background: MULTIPLEX is a single-scan three-dimensional multi-parametric MRI technique that provides 1 mm isotropic T1-, T2*-, proton density- and susceptibility-weighted images and the corresponding quantitative maps. This study aimed to investigate its feasibility of clinical application in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: 27 PD patients and 23 healthy control (HC) were recruited and underwent a MULTIPLEX scanning.

Motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease are affected by temperature: A controlled pilot study.

Purpose: The motor symptoms (MS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been affecting the quality of life in patients. In clinical practice, most patients with PD report that MS are more severe in winter than in summer, and hyperthermic baths (HTB) could temporarily improve MS. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of seasonal variation and aquatic thermal environment of HTB on the MS of PD.

Drooling disrupts the brain functional connectivity network in Parkinson's disease.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the causal interaction between significant sensorimotor network (SMN) regions and other brain regions in Parkinson's disease patients with drooling (droolers).

Methods: Twenty-one droolers, 22 PD patients without drooling (non-droolers), and 22 matched healthy controls underwent 3T-MRI resting-state scans. We performed independent component analysis and Granger causality analysis to determine whether significant SMN regions help predict other brain areas.

Dysregulation of Circulatory Levels of lncRNAs in Parkinson's Disease.

Emerging evidence suggested that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Herein, we used gene expression profiles from GEO database to construct a PD-specific ceRNA network. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that ceRNA network might participate in the development of PD.

Intravenous Thrombolysis Improves the Prognosis of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a higher mortality rate and a poor prognosis among patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who receive intravenous thrombolysis (IVT); however, it is still unclear whether IVT improves the prognosis of patients with AIS and CKD.

Objective: We conducted this study to evaluate the impact of IVT in patients with AIS and CKD.

Methods: We analyzed patients with AIS and CKD in 3 stroke centers who met the indications for IVT between January 2015 and January 2020.

Early disturbance of dynamic synchronization and neurovascular coupling in cognitively normal Parkinson's disease.

Pathological process in Parkinson's disease (PD) is accompanied with functional and metabolic alterations. The time-varying properties of functional coherence and their coupling to regional perfusion are still rarely elucidated. To investigate early disruption of dynamic regional homogeneity (dReho) and neurovascular coupling in cognitively normal PD patients, dynamic neuronal synchronization and regional perfusion were measured using dReho and cerebral blood flow (CBF), respectively.

Contralateral Posterior Putaminal F-Fluorodopa Uptake in Mild Stage Parkinson's Disease: A PET/CT Study.

Objective: Previous studies revealed that 18F-FDOPA uptake was significantly decreased in the subregions of striatum contralateral to the side with predominant symptoms and was helpful for improving the early diagnostic accuracy of PD. However, in these studies, more than half of the PD patients already have bilateral motor symptoms (mH&Y stage≥2). This study was aimed to extend previous findings to a milder disease stage.

Hybrid PET-MRI for early detection of dopaminergic dysfunction and microstructural degradation involved in Parkinson's disease.

Dopamine depletion and microstructural degradation underlie the neurodegenerative processes in Parkinson's disease (PD). To explore early alterations and underlying associations of dopamine and microstructure in PD patients utilizing the hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-five PD patients in early stages and twenty-four matched healthy controls underwent hybrid F-fluorodopa (DOPA) PET-diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scanning.

Angiotensin-(1-7) reduces α-synuclein aggregation by enhancing autophagic activity in Parkinson's disease.

Abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein contributes to the formation of Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra, which is considered the typical pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Recent research indicates that angiotensin-(1-7) plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we used intraperitoneal administration of rotenone to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks to establish a Parkinson's disease model.

A Han Chinese Family With Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease Carrying Novel Frameshift Mutation and Compound Heterozygous Mutation of Appearing Incompatible With MDS Clinical Diagnostic Criteria.

Around 15% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have a family history, and 5-10% have confirmed genetic causes. is the most common gene responsible for early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD), while rare variants of likely raise PD susceptibility in the Chinese population. We investigated the genetic information of 13 members of a Han Chinese family with known EOPD by whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing, and analyzed the clinical history, physical examination, blood laboratory test, and brain imaging data of the patients.

Han Chinese family with early-onset Parkinson's disease carries novel compound heterozygous mutations in the PARK2 gene.

Purpose: To identify deletions, duplications, and point mutations in 55 previously reported genes associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and certain genes associated with tremor, spinocerebellar ataxia, and dystonia in a Han Chinese pedigree with early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD).

Patients And Methods: Clinical examinations and genomic analyses were performed on six subjects belonging to three generations of a Han Chinese family. Target region capture and high-throughput sequencing were used to screen these genes associated with PD, tremor, spinocerebellar ataxia, and dystonia.

Dihydroergotoxine mesylate for the treatment of sialorrhea in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Many patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from sialorrhea. Sialorrhea is often treated with anticholinergics and botulinum toxin, but some adverse effects have limited the use of these treatments. Dihydroergotoxine mesylate is an α-adrenergic blocking agents as well as some affinities to the dopaminergic and serotonin (5-HT) receptors.

PM2.5 exposure aggravates oligomeric amyloid beta-induced neuronal injury and promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation in an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Numerous studies suggested that PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). But the precise mechanisms by which PM2.

Azilsartan ameliorates apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons and rescues characteristic parkinsonian behaviors in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Loss of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra (SN) is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), which leads to the onset of motor symptoms. Previously, our in vitro studies revealed that Angiotensin II (Ang II) induced apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons through its type 1 receptor (AT1R), but these findings needed to be confirmed via animal experiments. Here, using a rotenone-induced rat model of PD, we observed an overactivation of Ang II/AT1R axis in the SN, since Ang II level and AT1R expression were markedly increased.

Mitochondrial-dependent mechanisms are involved in angiotensin II-induced apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons.

Introduction: We recently demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II) was involved in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) via induction of apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons, but the mechanisms are not completely elucidated. Here, we asked whether mitochondrial-dependent mechanisms contributed to the Ang II-induced dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis.

Materials And Methods: CATH.

Independent Correlation of Serum Homocysteine with Cerebral Microbleeds in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke due to Large-Artery Atherosclerosis.

Background And Aim: The severity of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) affected the prognosis of patients with acute cerebrovascular disease. Considering the impact of CMBs on clinical decision, it is necessary to assess the risk factors of CMBs. We aimed to evaluate the independent risk factors of CMBs in patients with acute ischemic stroke of large-artery atherosclerosis.

Angiotensin-(1-7) is Reduced and Inversely Correlates with Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease.

As a recently identified bioactive peptide of brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] along with its metabolic enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 and its receptor Mas forms ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis. Accumulating evidence suggests an essential role of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis in maintaining normal cognitive functions in both animals and human subjects, and dysregulation of this axis contributed to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases such as hypertension-induced neurodegeneration and vascular dementia. To date, whether this axis was associated with the etiology and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, remains unclear.

The association of ABCC3 promoter methylation with clopidogrel response in Chinese ischemic stroke patients.

Multidrug resistance protein 3 (MRP3), encoded by ABCC3, is an ATP-dependent efflux pump mediating the transport of many drugs, implicated in clopidogrel resistance. This study enrolled 87 ischemic stroke patients with CYP2C1 9*1/*1 genotype, who received clopidogrel (75 mg/day) for at least 5 days before discharge. The maximum platelet aggregation (MPA) was measured by light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) to assess platelet function.

Activation of Autophagy Contributes to the Angiotensin II-Triggered Apoptosis in a Dopaminergic Neuronal Cell Line.

Our recent study indicated that angiotensin II (Ang II), the main component of renin-angiotensin system, participated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) by triggering the apoptosis of dopaminergic neuronal cells. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, by using CATH.

Angiotensin II triggers apoptosis via enhancement of NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidative stress in a dopaminergic neuronal cell line.

Numerous studies reveal that Angiotensin II (Ang II), the main effector of renin-angiotensin system, contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) via triggering dopaminergic cell loss. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the current study, by using CATH.

Angiotensin AT2 receptor stimulation inhibits activation of NADPH oxidase and ameliorates oxidative stress in rotenone model of Parkinson's disease in CATH.a cells.

Oxidative stress has long been considered as a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The brain has an independent local renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates NADPH-dependent oxidases, which are a major source of superoxide and are upregulated in major aging-related diseases such as hypertension and neurodegenerative disease.

Sex differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes after intracerebral haemorrhage: results from a 12-month prospective stroke registry in Nanjing, China.

Background: There is uncertainty surrounding the differences in outcomes after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) between men and women. This study aimed to investigate the sex differences in clinical characteristics, severity and outcomes of Chinese ICH patients.

Methods: The Nanjing First Hospital stroke registry was a hospital-based registry of stroke patients with 1-year prospective follow-up.

Salubrinal protects against rotenone-induced SH-SY5Y cell death via ATF4-parkin pathway.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, for which there are no effective disease-modifying therapies. Growing evidence from studies in human PD brain, in addition to genetic and toxicological models, indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a common feature of the disease and contributes to neurodegeneration. We examine whether salubrinal, a ER stress inhibitor, can protect the rotenone-induced SH-SY5Y cell death and explore the mechanisms underlying this protection.

Antiepileptics topiramate and levetiracetam alleviate behavioral deficits and reduce neuropathology in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice.

Background: The close relationship between epileptic seizure and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been demonstrated in the past decade. Valproic acid, a traditional first-line antiepileptic drug, exerted protective effects in transgenic models of AD. It remains uncertain whether new antiepileptic drugs could reverse neuropathology and behavioral deficits in AD transgenic mice.