Genomic hallmarks and therapeutic targets of ribosome biogenesis in cancer.

Hyperactive ribosome biogenesis (RiboSis) fuels unrestricted cell proliferation, whereas genomic hallmarks and therapeutic targets of RiboSis in cancers remain elusive, and efficient approaches to quantify RiboSis activity are still limited. Here, we have established an in silico approach to conveniently score RiboSis activity based on individual transcriptome data. By employing this novel approach and RNA-seq data of 14 645 samples from TCGA/GTEx dataset and 917 294 single-cell expression profiles across 13 cancer types, we observed the elevated activity of RiboSis in malignant cells of various human cancers, and high risk of severe outcomes in patients with high RiboSis activity.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Assess Body Composition Change in Adolescents With Obesity After Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Objectives: Metabolic and bariatric surgery is the most effective weight loss treatment for severe obesity. The number of adolescents undergoing sleeve gastrectomy is increasing. We investigated changes in body composition in adolescents undergoing sleeve gastrectomy 12-26 weeks post-operatively using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI).

APOBEC3 selects V179I in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase to provide selective advantage for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant mutants.

The V179I substitution in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) is selected in humans or mouse models treated with certain nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). While it is often observed together with other NNRTI resistance mutations, V179I does not confer drug resistance. To understand how V179I arises during NNRTI treatment, we characterized it in HIV-1 molecular clones with or without the NNRTI resistance mutations Y181C or Y181V.

Neuregulin1 acts as a suppressor in human lung adenocarcinoma via AKT and ERK1/2 pathway.

Background: Neuregulin1 (NRG1) is critical signaling protein that mediates the activation of downstream signaling pathways associated with malignancies. Multiple gene fusions related to NRG1 have been found in lung cancer. However, the underlying role NRG1 in lung cancer is yet unclear.

HP1α mediates defective heterochromatin repair and accelerates senescence in Zmpste24-deficient cells.

Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) interacts with various proteins, including lamins, to play versatile functions within nuclei, such as chromatin remodeling and DNA repair. Accumulation of prelamin A leads to misshapen nuclei, heterochromatin disorganization, genomic instability, and premature aging in Zmpste24-null mice. Here, we investigated the effects of prelamin A on HP1α homeostasis, subcellular distribution, phosphorylation, and their contribution to accelerated senescence in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Zmpste24(-/-) mice.