Age-related cerebral changes during different n-back tasks: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Background: The n-back task is a widely used paradigm to assess working memory and is commonly applied in research on age-related cognitive decline. However, studies utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore this area are limited.

Objective: This study aims to investigate age-related differences in brain activation during the n-back task using fNIRS.

Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation alone or in combination with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in poststroke rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively review the effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) alone or in combination with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on improving upper limb motor functions and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with stroke, and to explore possible efficacy-related modulators.

Methods: A literature search from 1st January 2004 to 1st June 2024 was performed to identified studies that investigated the effects of rPMS on upper limb motor functions and ADL in poststroke patients.

Results: Seventeen studies were included.

Theta burst stimulation for enhancing upper extremity motor functions after stroke: a systematic review of clinical and mechanistic evidence.

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of different theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocols on improving upper extremity motor functions in patients with stroke, their associated modulators of efficacy, and the underlying neural mechanisms. We conducted a meta-analytic review of 29 controlled trials published from January 1, 2000, to August 29, 2023, which investigated the effects of TBS on upper extremity motor, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging outcomes in poststroke patients. TBS significantly improved upper extremity motor impairment (Hedge's  = 0.

Resting-state functional connectivity for determining outcomes in upper extremity function after stroke: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Objective: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive and promising tool to map the brain functional networks in stroke recovery. Our study mainly aimed to use fNIRS to detect the different patterns of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in subacute stroke patients with different degrees of upper extremity motor impairment defined by Fugl-Meyer motor assessment of upper extremity (FMA-UE). The second aim was to investigate the association between FMA-UE scores and fNIRS-RSFC among different regions of interest (ROIs) in stroke patients.

Age-Related Differences in Stepping Reactions to a Balance Perturbation: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Surface Electromyography Study.

We sought to investigate age-related differences in stepping reactions to a sudden balance perturbation, focusing on muscle activity and cortical activation. A total of 18 older healthy adults (older group, OG) and 16 young healthy adults (young group, YG) were recruited into this study. A cable-pull instrument was used to induce a forward perturbation at the waist level among participants, who were required to take the right step to maintain their postural balance.

Effects of rTMS treatment on global cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been extensively studied in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the clinical evidence remains inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of rTMS on global cognitive function in patients with AD.

Methods: An integrated literature search using 4 databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library) was performed to identify English language articles published up to October 6, 2021.

Contralaterally controlled neuromuscular electrical stimulation-induced changes in functional connectivity in patients with stroke assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Contralaterally controlled neuromuscular electrical stimulation (CCNMES) is an innovative therapy in stroke rehabilitation which has been verified in clinical studies. However, the underlying mechanism of CCNMES are yet to be comprehensively revealed. The main purpose of this study was to apply functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to compare CCNMES-related changes in functional connectivity (FC) within a cortical network after stroke with those induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) when performing wrist extension with hemiplegic upper extremity.

Effects of Virtual Reality Intervention on Cognition and Motor Function in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Virtual reality (VR) intervention is an innovative and efficient rehabilitative tool for patients affected by stroke, Parkinson's disease, and other neurological disorders. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effects of VR intervention on cognition and motor function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Seven databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published from inception to April 2020.