Akt2 mediates glucocorticoid resistance in lymphoid malignancies through FoxO3a/Bim axis and serves as a direct target for resistance reversal.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used drugs in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies; resistance of GCs in lymphocytes confers poor prognosis and the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we found T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells acquire resistance to dexamethasone (DEX)-mediated killing through abnormal activation of Akt, resulting in inhibition of the FoxO3a/Bim pathway. The resistant state was reported to be associated with increased glycolysis, NOTCH1 activating mutations and activated PI3K/ serum GS regulated kinases (SGK) pathway.

MiR-146a-5p inhibits cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in NSCLC cell lines by targeting CCND1 and CCND2.

Previous studies have indicated that miR-146a-5p acts as an oncogene in several types of cancer, yet a tumor suppressor gene in others. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), one report showed that it was downregulated and played the role of tumor suppressor. However, another study showed that miR-146a-5p was overexpressed in the serum of NSCLC patients compared to healthy controls.

Direct repression of the oncogene CDK4 by the tumor suppressor miR-486-5p in non-small cell lung cancer.

MicroRNAs are a class of non-coding single-stranded RNA, 20-23 nucleotide in length, which can be involved in the regulation of gene expression. Through binding with 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR), microRNAs can cause degradation of target mRNAs or inhibition of translation, and thus regulating the expression of genes at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, we found that miR-486-5p was significantly downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cell lines, suggesting that miR-486-5p might function as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer.

MicroRNAs Are Involved in the Regulation of Ovary Development in the Pathogenic Blood Fluke Schistosoma japonicum.

Schistosomes, blood flukes, are an important global public health concern. Paired adult female schistosomes produce large numbers of eggs that are primarily responsible for the disease pathology and critical for dissemination. Consequently, understanding schistosome sexual maturation and egg production may open novel perspectives for intervening with these processes to prevent clinical symptoms and to interrupt the life-cycle of these blood-flukes.

Tanshinones suppress AURKA through up-regulation of miR-32 expression in non-small cell lung cancer.

Tanshinone is the liposoluble constituent of Salia miltiorrhiza, a root used in traditional herbal medicine which is known to possess certain health benefits. Although it is known that tanshinones, including tanshinone I (T1), tanshinone IIA (T2A), and cryptotanshinone (CT), can inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells in vitro, the mechanism under which they act is still unclear. AURKA, an oncogene, encodes a serine-threonine kinase which regulates mitotic processes in mammalian cells.

Identification of differentially expressed miRNAs in mouse spinal cord development.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding, regulatory small RNAs of ∼22 nt. It was implicated that these small RNAs play critical roles in various important biological processes. During development, some miRNAs are specifically expressed in individual tissues and at particular developmental stages.

MicroRNA-34a inhibits the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer H1299 cell line by targeting TGFβR2.

MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules which act as important regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression by binding 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target messenger RNA (mRNA). In this study, we analyzed miRNA-34a (miR-34a) as a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) H1299 cell line. The expression level of miR-34a in four different NSCLC cell lines, H1299, A549, SPCA-1, and HCC827, was significantly lower than that in the non-tumorigenic bronchial epithelium cell line BEAS-2B.

miR-143 inhibits cell proliferation by targeting autophagy-related 2B in non-small cell lung cancer H1299 cells.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non‑coding RNAs involved in multiple biological pathways by regulating post-transcriptional gene expression. Previously, autophagy has been reported to suppress the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, how miRNAs regulate autophagy in NSCLC remains to be elucidated.

Genome-wide mapping of miRNAs expressed in embryonic stem cells and pluripotent stem cells generated by different reprogramming strategies.

Background: Reprogrammed cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs), are similar in many respects to natural embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, previous studies have demonstrated that iPSCs retain a gene expression signature that is unique from that of ESCs, including differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression, while NT-ESCs are more faithfully reprogrammed cells and have better developmental potential compared with iPSCs.

Results: We focused on miRNA expression and explored the difference between ESCs and reprogrammed cells, especially ESCs and NT-ESCs.

Deep sequencing-based identification of pathogen-specific microRNAs in the plasma of rabbits infected with Schistosoma japonicum.

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have received considerable attention as a novel class of biomarkers for the diagnosis of cancer and as signalling molecules in mediating intercellular communication. Schistosomes, the causative agents of schistosomiasis, live in the blood vessels of a mammalian host in the adult stage. In the present study, we characterized schistosome-specific small RNA populations in the plasma of rabbits infected with Schistosoma japonicum (S.

miR-150, p53 protein and relevant miRNAs consist of a regulatory network in NSCLC tumorigenesis.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNAs that act as negative regulators of gene expression by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target mRNAs. Tumor protein p53, a transcriptional factor, plays an important role in the progression of tumorigenesis. miR-150 was the only miRNA predicted to target 3'-UTR of p53 by Targetscan.

MicroRNA expression profiling during neural differentiation of mouse embryonic carcinoma P19 cells.

The Mouse P19 cell line was derived from an embryonal carcinoma. The pluripotent P19 cells can be induced to differentiate into neuronal and glial cells. Here, we describe an miRNA microarray method to monitor the miRNA expression profiles during the course of P19 cells neuronal differentiation.

A simple and fast method for profiling microRNA expression from low-input total RNA by microarray.

Analysis of mature microRNA (miRNA) expression is important to understand its physiological functions and pathological implications. Microarray is a powerful technology to profile global miRNA expression. In this study, we developed a rapid miRNA labeling method by which miRNA was directly labeled in total RNA for microarray detection.

Aberrant microRNA-182 expression is associated with glucocorticoid resistance in lymphoblastic malignancies.

Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance in lymphoblastic malignancies is related to treatment failure and is a marker of poor prognosis. Previous studies have suggested that microRNA-182 (miR-182) functions as an oncogene and plays a role in tumorigenesis, through regulation of FOXO3A. FOXO3A has been implicated in tumor suppression and GC-induced apoptosis, suggesting that FOXO3A has potential as a therapeutic target.

MicroRNAs: potentially important regulators for schistosome development and therapeutic targets against schistosomiasis.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by targeting the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of messenger RNAs. Since the discovery of the first miRNA in Caenorhabditis elegans, important regulatory roles for miRNAs in many key biological processes including development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis of many organisms have been described. Hundreds of miRNAs have been identified in various multicellular organisms and many are evolutionarily conserved.

MiR-200a is involved in rat epididymal development by targeting β-catenin mRNA.

The expression of 350 microRNAs (miRNAs) in epididymis of rat from postnatal development to adult (from postnatal days 7-70) was profiled with home-made miRNA microarray. Among them, 48 miRNAs changed significantly, in which the expression of miR-200a increased obviously with time, in a good agreement with that obtained from northern blot analysis. The real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction result indicated that temporal expression of rat β-catenin was exactly inversed to that of miR-200a during rat epididymal development, implying that miR-200a might also target β-catenin mRNA in rat epididymis as reported by Saydam et al.