A fungal effector suppresses plant immunity by manipulating DAHPS-mediated metabolic flux in chloroplasts.

Plant secondary metabolism represents an important and ancient form of defense against pathogens. Phytopathogens secrete effectors to suppress plant defenses and promote infection. However, it is largely unknown, how fungal effectors directly manipulate plant secondary metabolism.

Changes in planta K nutrient content altered the interaction pattern between Nicotiana benthamiana and Alternaria longipes.

Potassium (K) fertilisation has frequently been shown to enhance plant resistance against pathogens, though the mechanisms remain elusive. This study investigates the interaction dynamics between Nicotiana benthamiana and the pathogen Alternaria longipes under different planta K levels. On the host side, adding K activated the expressions of three NLR (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins) resistance genes, including NbRPM1, NbR1B23 and NbNBS12.

Budding mutation reprogrammed flavonoid biosynthesis in jujube by deploying MYB41 and bHLH93.

Budding mutations are known to cause metabolic changes in new jujube varieties; however, the mechanisms underlying these changes are still unclear. Here, we performed muti-omics analysis to decipher the detailed metabolic landscape of "Saimisu 1" (S1) and its budding mutation line "Saimisu 2" (S2) at all fruit stages. We found that the genes involved in the biosyntheses of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and amino acids were upregulated in S2 fruits at all stages, especially PAL and DFR, resulting in increased accumulation of related compounds in S2 mature fruits.

Alginate Oligosaccharides Alleviate Salt Stress in Rice Seedlings by Regulating Cell Wall Metabolism to Maintain Cell Wall Structure and Improve Lodging Resistance.

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that damage the structure and composition of cell walls. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have been advocated to significantly improve plant stress tolerance. The metabolic mechanism by which AOS induces salt tolerance in rice cell walls remains unclear.

S-ABA Enhances Rice Salt Tolerance by Regulating Na/K Balance and Hormone Homeostasis.

In order to explore the regulating role and the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of trans-abscisic acid (hereinafter referred as S-ABA) in the process of rice growth and development under salt stress, we took Chaoyou 1000 and Yuxiangyouzhan as materials and set up three salt concentration treatments, CK0 (Control treatment), N1 (50 mmol L NaCl), and N2 (100 mmol L NaCl), in potted trials; we aimed to study the mechanism of rice's response to salt stress from the perspective of agricultural traits and physiological biochemicals and to improve rice's resistance to salt stress through exogenously applying the regulating technology of S-ABA. The following results were obtained: Under salt stress, the growth of rice was significantly suppressed compared to CK0, exhibiting notable increases in agricultural indicators, photosynthesis efficiency, and the NA content of leaves. However, we noted a significant decrease in the K content in the leaves, alongside a prominent increase in NA/K and a big increase in MDA (malondialdehyde), HO (hydrogen peroxide), and O (superoxide anion).

5-ALA, DTA-6, and Nitrogen Mitigate NaCl Stress by Promoting Photosynthesis and Carbon Metabolism in Rice Seedlings.

A large number of dead seedlings can occur in saline soils, which seriously affects the large-scale cultivation of rice. This study investigated the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and nitrogen application on seedling growth and salt tolerance ( L.), which is of great significance for agricultural production practices.

Spin Polarization of 2D Weyl Semimetal FeSn Enabling High Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity.

It is well known that magnetic field is one of the effective tools to improve the activity of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but considering the inconvenient application of an external magnetic field, it is essential to find a ferromagnetic material with high HER activity itself. Fortunately, recent study has shown that the two-dimmention (2D) FeSn monolayer is a stable ferromagnetic topological Weyl semimetal material with high T of 433 K. Here, we report the FeSn monolayer can be used as an alternative HER catalyst compared with expensive platinum (Pt).

Regulatory effects of Hemin on prevention and rescue of salt stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) seedlings.

Background: Salt stress severely restricts rapeseed growth and productivity. Hemin can effectively alleviate salt stress in plants. However, the regulatory effect of Hemin on rapeseed in salt stress is unclear.

Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of alginate oligosaccharides alleviating salt stress in rice seedlings.

Background: Salt stress is one of the key factors limiting rice production. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) enhance plant stress resistance. However, the molecular mechanism underlying salt tolerance in rice induced by AOS remains unclear.

Sufficient coumarin accumulation improves apple resistance to Cytospora mali under high-potassium status.

Cytospora canker, caused by Cytospora mali, is the most destructive disease in production of apples (Malus domestica). Adding potassium (K) to apple trees can effectively control this disease. However, the underlying mechanisms of apple resistance to C.

-Carboline dimers inhibit the tumor proliferation by the cell cycle arrest of sarcoma through intercalating to Cyclin-A2.

-Carbolines are potentially strong alkaloids with a wide range of bioactivities, and their dimers exhibit stronger antitumor activity other than the monomers. However, the detailed mechanisms of the -carboline dimers in inhibiting sarcoma (SARC) remain unclear. The results showed that -carboline-3-carboxylic acid dimers Comp1 and Comp2, which were synthesized in our lab and modified at the N position and linked at the C position, exhibited effective inhibition activity on MG-63 proliferation (IC 4.

Functions of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, vitamin D3 receptor and interleukin-22 involved in pathogenesis of gout arthritis through altering metabolic pattern and inflammatory responses.

Background: Gouty arthritis (GA) is a common type of inflammatory arthritis. Recent studies demonstrated that 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH) 2 VD3) and vitamin D3 receptor (VD-R) play a protective role in acute inflammation, but interleukin-22(IL-22) promotes inflammation, especially for arthritis. However, our understanding of the responses of 1,25(OH) 2VD3 and IL-22 to gout was still unclear.

Magnetic modulation of core@shell MoS-based flower-like multicomponent nanocomposites to improve microwave attenuation.

Nanocomposites with a three-dimensional (3D) flower-like geometrical morphology were considered as excellent microwave absorbers (MAs) because of the numerous effective sites for the multiple reflections of electromagnetic (EM) wave. Herein, for optimizing the EM matching characteristic and taking full advantage of interface polarization, a strategy of magnetic modulation was proposed to further improve the EM wave absorption performances (EMWAPs) of MoS-based nanocomposites. We adopted a simple hydrothermal route and a combined method of hydrothermal treatment/hydrogen reduction to synthesize core@shell CoFeO@MoS and CoFe@MoO/MoS flower-like nanocomposites, respectively.

Morphology optimization strategy of flower-like CoNiS/CoS@MoS core@shell nanocomposites to achieve extraordinary microwave absorption performances.

Morphology optimization is an effective strategy to take full advantage of interface polarization for the improvement of electromagnetic wave attenuation capability. Herein, a general route was proposed to produce the flower-like core@shell structured MoS-based nanocomposites through a simple hydrothermal process. Through the in-situ hydrothermal reaction between the Mo and S sources on the surface of CoNi nanoparticles, flower-like core@shell structured CoNiS/CoS@MoS nanocomposites could be successfully synthesized.

Universal Fluorination-Created Edge C-F Groups in Networks of Multidimensional Carbon Materials.

Fluorination can significantly change the physical and chemical properties of carbon materials (CMs). Common sense for the fluorination mechanism for CMs indicates that one basal-plane C-F group (CF group) can form as one fluorine atom bonded to one carbon atom along the out-of-plane carbon networks without creating edge C-F groups (including CF and CF groups) at vacancies in carbon networks. We report that fluorination can generally create edge C-F groups in multidimensional CMs such as graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fullerene, and the concentration of edge C-F groups is dependent on both the crystallinity of starting CMs and the fluorination pressure and temperature.

Realization of Strong Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in Atomically Thin 2D Carbon Nitride Sheets by Thermal Annealing.

The presence of the intrinsic band gap of 3.06 eV makes atomically thin carbon nitride sheets (CNs) a promising spin-based semiconductor material. However, the absence of localized spins makes the pristine CNs intrinsically nonmagnetic.

Orientational Alignment of Oxygen Vacancies: Electric-Field-Inducing Conductive Channels in TiO Film to Boost Photocatalytic Conversion of CO into CO.

Oxide semiconductors are widely used in the photocatalytic fields, and introducing oxygen vacancies is an effective strategy to improve their photocatalytic efficiency. However, oxygen vacancies in the bulk often act as the recombination centers of electron-hole pairs, which accelerates the recombination of electron-hole pairs. In this paper, we propose a strategy of electric field treatment and apply it to a TiO film with oxygen vacancies to promote the photocatalytic efficiency.