Investigating the Tolerance of Corneal Endothelial Cells to Surgical Fluid Pressure Using Intact Porcine Eyes.

Purpose: It remains unclear if fluid pressures used during cataract surgeries contribute to iatrogenic corneal endothelial cell (CEC) loss.

Methods: A custom experimental platform was used to pressurize the anterior chamber of explanted porcine eyes to surgical fluid pressures of 60 mm Hg or 400 mm Hg for 5 minutes or 60 mm Hg for 45 minutes (n = 8 or 9 per group). The corneal endothelia were stained with a unique combination of nucleic acid viability dyes and were imaged using fluorescence microscopy without removing the cornea from the globe.

Assessing the phacoemulsification learning curve using duration of each step.

Purpose: To assess the phacoemulsification learning curve for ophthalmology residents using duration for each step.

Setting: Single tertiary, training site hospital.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

The impact of distance cataract surgical wet laboratory training on cataract surgical competency of ophthalmology residents.

Background: This study assessed the impact of distance cataract surgical wet laboratory training on surgical competency of ophthalmology residents at a tertiary-level ophthalmic training center in Trujillo, Peru.

Methods: Three five-week distance wet lab courses were administered through Cybersight, Orbis International's telemedicine platform. Weekly lectures and demonstrations addressed specific steps in phacoemulsification surgery.

Ophthalmology Education in COVID-19: A Remote Elective for Medical Students.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has created obstacles for medical student education, as clinical rotations were temporarily halted. Recent literature shows online electives may provide an alternative learning platform. We developed a tele-ophthalmology student elective for rising third-year (MS3) and fourth-year (MS4) medical students to continue teaching and exposure to the field.

Combination of lidocaine gel and povidone-iodine to decrease acquired infections in procedures performed using topical anesthesia.

Purpose: To test the antiseptic efficacy of povidone-iodine when mixed with topical lidocaine gel.

Setting: Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Design: Experimental study.

Ethics in Eye Banking: Understanding Professional Attitudes Toward Industry Changes.

Purpose: To describe the ethical attitudes of corneal surgeons and eye bank leadership toward for-profit entities in corneal donation, processing, and distribution.

Methods: Fifty postfellowship corneal surgeons practicing in the United States and 25 eye bank leaders (eg, eye bank directors, CEOs, or presidents) for the Eye Bank Association of America-accredited eye banks completed a 22-question interview, focusing on corneal donation industry changes, including the entry of for-profit institutions.

Results: Most participants in both study groups agreed that they have concerns with the entry of for-profit businesses into eye banking (62% corneal surgeons, 68% eye bank leadership), although physicians partnered with a for-profit corneal processor were significantly more likely to have no concerns with the entry of for-profits into eye banking than corneal surgeons partnered with a nonprofit processor (P = 0.

Design of a Volumetric Imaging Sequence Using a Vantage-256 Ultrasound Research Platform Multiplexed With a 1024-Element Fully Sampled Matrix Array.

Ultrasound imaging using a matrix array allows real-time multi-planar volumetric imaging. To enhance image quality, the matrix array should provide fast volumetric ultrasound imaging with spatially consistent focusing in the lateral and elevational directions. However, because of the significantly increased data size, dealing with massive and continuous data acquisition is a significant challenge.

Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect Screening Through Transfer Learning.

Abnormalities in pupillary light reflex can indicate optic nerve disorders that may lead to permanent visual loss if not diagnosed in an early stage. In this study, we focus on relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), which is based on the difference between the reactions of the eyes when they are exposed to light stimuli. Incumbent RAPD assessment methods are based on subjective practices that can lead to unreliable measurements.

Motor Vehicle-Associated Traumatic Ocular Injuries Secondary to External Rear-Facing Sideview Mirrors: A Report of 3 Patients.

Importance: Rear-facing sideview mirrors are a potentially reducible source of ocular morbidity following motor vehicle crashes.

Objective: To report cases highlighting shattered glass from sideview mirrors as a potential cause of ocular trauma in motor vehicle crashes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Case series of 3 patients who presented to Grady Memorial Hospital, a level 1 trauma center and tertiary hospital, between May 5, 2017, and July 10, 2017, with ocular trauma as a result of shattered glass from sideview mirrors during motor vehicle crashes.

A Systematic Review Assessing the Current State of Automated Pupillometry in the NeuroICU.

The aim of this study was to assess the current state of automated pupillometry technology and its application in the neurointensive care unit (neuroICU). We performed a literature search using the PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases from database inception through a search end date of October 18, 2018, to identify studies reporting on the use of automated pupillometry in the care of critically ill patients with neurological impairment. Two independent reviewers reviewed all titles and abstracts in two filtering phases.

Vulnerability of corneal endothelial cells to mechanical trauma from indentation forces assessed using contact mechanics and fluorescence microscopy.

Corneal endothelial cell (CEC) loss occurs from tissue manipulation during anterior segment surgery and corneal transplantation as well as from contact with synthetic materials like intraocular lenses and tube shunts. While several studies have quantified CEC loss for specific surgical steps, the vulnerability of CECs to isolated, controllable and measurable mechanical forces has not been assessed previously. The purpose of this study was to develop an experimental testing platform where the susceptibility of CECs to controlled mechanical trauma could be measured.

Depth-Dependent Out-of-Plane Young's Modulus of the Human Cornea.

Unlabelled: Purpose/Aim: Despite their importance in accurate mechanical modeling of the cornea, the depth-dependent material properties of the cornea have only been partially elucidated. In this work, we characterized the depth-dependent out-of-plane Young's modulus of the central and peripheral human cornea with high spatial resolution.

Materials And Methods: Central and peripheral corneal buttons from human donors were subjected to unconfined axial compression followed by stress relaxation for 30 min.

Assessment of the Accuracy and Cut-Failure Rates of Eye Bank-Cut Corneas for Use in Endothelial Keratoplasty: A Comparison of Outcomes Between 2010 and 2013.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of eye bank-prepared precut donor corneas over time by comparing cut-failure rates and corneal thickness measurements in 2010 and 2013.

Methods: A total of 2511 human corneas cut by a technician-operated mechanical microkeratome intended for endothelial keratoplasty were evaluated prospectively at one large eye bank facility in 2010 and in 2013. The endothelium was evaluated by slit lamp, and specular microscopy both before and after cutting was performed.

Cost analysis of objective resident cataract surgery assessments.

Purpose: To compare 8 ophthalmology resident surgical training tools to determine which is most cost effective.

Setting: University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.

Design: Retrospective evaluation of technology.

The location- and depth-dependent mechanical response of the human cornea under shear loading.

Purpose: To characterize the depth-dependent shear modulus of the central and peripheral human cornea along the superior-inferior and nasal-temporal directions with a high spatial resolution.

Methods: Cylindrical explants from the central and peripheral corneas of 10 human donors were subjected to a 5% shear strain along the superior-inferior and nasal-temporal directions using a microscope-mounted mechanical testing device. Depth-dependent shear strain and shear modulus were computed through force measurements and displacement tracking.

In vitro pilot analysis of uniformity, circularity, and concentricity of DSAEK donor endothelial grafts prepared by a microkeratome.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty donor endothelial grafts, prepared by using a microkeratome, in terms of uniformity, circularity, and concentricity.

Methods: In this pilot study, 12 human donor corneas were prepared by means of a microkeratome and imaged using the Visante anterior segment optical coherence tomography along 4 meridians. The microkeratome enters and exits the corneal tissue at an angle, creating a donor graft bed with a uniform stromal (US) thickness in between the angled edges.

Improvement in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid following treatment for porphyria cutanea tarda.

A 64-year-old Caucasian male complaining of redness and tearing for 3 years in both eyes was referred for evaluation of cicatricial conjunctivitis. Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid was suspected and this diagnosis was confirmed through biopsy. The patient's condition showed moderate improvement following treatment with methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil.