Dermal and Transdermal Macromolecule Delivery Using Enhancer Molecules and Colloidal Carrier Systems - Part 2: Percutaneous Administration of Heparin.

Introduction: Heparin is a commonly used anti-coagulant administered either by intravenous or subcutaneous injection for a systemic effect or topically for the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders.

Objective: This study aimed to formulate heparin in non-ionic colloidal carrier systems (CCSs) having enhanced percutaneous absorption for systemic and topical administration.

Methods: Five CCSs were developed and characterized for their rheological properties, droplet size, and drug loading.