Environmental concentration of the quaternary ammonium disinfectant benzalkonium chloride strongly induces resistance gene profiles in fish.

Disinfectants are non-antibiotic biocides that have been used extensively in daily life, particularly since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, their effect on drug resistance has not received sufficient attention. Here, marine medaka were subjected to an environmental concentration (10 μg/L) of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and their combination, aiming to elucidate their contributions to antibiotic resistance.

Dietary exposure to sulfamethazine alters fish intestinal homeostasis and promotes resistance gene transfer.

The present study was undertaken to explore the effects of sulfamethazine (SMZ) dietary exposure on the enrichment of the intestine microbial structure, and antibiotic resistance gene (ARGs) transmission in marine medaka, with respect to antibiotic dose, duration, and sex. In male fish, a dietary exposure of 10 μg/L SMZ led to a heightened SMZ enrichment in the intestine, whereas metabolite (N-SMZ) levels were elevated at a higher exposure concentration (100 μg/L). Conversely, female fish exhibited stable levels of accumulation and metabolic rates across the exposure period.

Metagenomic evidence for increasing antibiotic resistance in progeny upon parental antibiotic exposure as the cost of hormesis.

Antibiotics are widely consumed in the intensive mariculture industry. A better understanding of the effect of antibiotics on intergenerational antibiotic resistance in organisms is urgent since intergenerational transmission is crucial for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. Herein, marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) chronically exposed to low doses of sulfamethazine (SMZ) hormetically affected the progeny, characterized by increased richness and diversity of fecal microbiota and intestinal barrier-related gene up-regulation.

Identification and characterization of three CXC chemokines in Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) uncovers a third CXCL11_like group in fish.

Chemokines direct cell migration in development and immune defense, and bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses. The chemokine gene family has been rapidly evolving and has undergone species/lineage-specific expansion. Mammals possess inflammatory CXC chemokines CXCL1-8/15 and CXCL9-11 sub-groups, and homeostatic CXCL12-14, 16-17.

Evolution, expression, and characterisation of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide genes in ancient chondrostean sturgeons.

Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (leap-2) is an evolutionarily ancient molecule that acts as the key component in vertebrate innate immunity against invading pathogens. Leap-2 has been identified and characterised in several teleosts, but not yet in chondrosteans. Herein, the complete coding sequences of leap-2b and leap-2c were identified from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated from Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) and Chinese sturgeon (A.

Characterization and expression analysis of g- and c-type lysozymes in Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus).

Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) is mainly distributed in the upper Yangtze River. Although extensively farmed, little information is available on its innate immune system. In this study, we conducted de novo transcriptome assembly of the head kidney to create a comprehensive dataset for A.

First Study on Interferon Regulatory Factor in Sturgeon: Expression Pattern of Interferon Regulatory Factor in Dabry's Sturgeon Acipenser dabryanus.

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are crucial regulators in initiating the host innate immune response against pathogen invasions. Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) is particularly a valuable fish species found in the Yangtze River, China for which there is scarce immunological data. In the present study, we investigated the expression profile of sturgeon IRF genes.

Bioinformatics and expression analysis of finTRIM genes in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella.

The tripartite motifs (TRIMs) constitute a large family of proteins containing a Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain, a B-box domain and coiled-coil region followed by different C-terminal domains. TRIM proteins play multiple roles in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and antiviral immunity. Fish novel large multigene TRIM genes (finTRIM/ftr) appear only in teleosts and play a vital role in antiviral responses.

Analysis of the expression patterns of the novel large multigene TRIM gene family (finTRIM) in zebrafish.

Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are receiving increased research interest because of their roles in a wide range of cellular biological processes in innate immunity. In zebrafish (Danio rerio), the functions of the finTRIM (ftr) family are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the expression pattern of ftr12, ftr51, ftr67, ftr82, ftr83, and ftr84 in zebrafish for the first time.

Expression pattern analysis of IRF4 and its related genes revealed the functional differentiation of IRF4 paralogues in teleost.

In mammals, interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) plays an important role in the process of development and differentiation of B cells, T cells and dendritic cells. It can regulate immune pathway through IRF5, MyD88, IL21, PGC1α, and NOD2. In the present study, we investigated the expression pattern of IRF4 paralogues and these related genes for the first time in teleosts.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids affect lipopolysaccharide-induced maturation of dendritic cells through mitogen-activated protein kinases p38.

Objective: The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a key role as immune response modulators and suppressors of immunologic functions, such as lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and cell surface molecular expression in T lymphocytes, monocytes, and natural killer cells. However, little is known about the effect of omega-3 PUFAs on dendritic cells (DCs). We studied the effect of omega-3 PUFAs on DCs and the related intracellular signal transduction pathway.

[Effects of Pollen Typhae total flavone on glucose and lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes].

Objective: To observe the effects of Pollen Typhae total flavone (PTF) on glucose and lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Methods: The content of glucose which disappeared from the culture medium after incubation with drugs for 24 hours was determined as glucose consumption of the cells. The activity of cells was detected by XTT method.