Development of a simple prediction model for tracheostomy requirement after surgical resection of medulloblastoma in children.

Objective: Postoperative tracheostomy is a significant complication following medulloblastoma (MB) resection. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for postoperative tracheostomy requirement in children undergoing MB surgical resection. This model was derived as a side product of a larger research project analyzing surgical outcomes in pediatric MB patients.

Efficacy of oral modafinil on accelerating consciousness recovery in adult patients with moderate to severe acute traumatic brain injury admitted to intensive care unit: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a leading cause of hospitalization and disability in young and middle-aged adults. This study aims to survey the efficacy of oral modafinil, a low-side-effect central nervous system stimulant, in the enhancement of consciousness recovery in moderate to severe TBI patients in the ICUs of a referral trauma center.

Materials And Methods: All ICU patients meeting inclusion criteria between April 2021 and April 2023 were screened.

Characteristics and outcome of patients requiring Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Brain Injury: a retrospective analysis.

Brain swelling after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) can elevate intracranial pressure, necessitating Decompressive Craniectomy (DC) as the preferred surgical intervention. This study aimed to analyze a large institutional database to identify clinical characteristics of patients requiring primary DC and their outcomes. We reviewed TBI patients admitted to our center from 2015 to 2021, utilizing a prospectively maintained registry.

Impact of treadmill running on distal femoral cartilage thickness: a cross-sectional study of professional athletes and healthy controls.

Purpose: This present study aimed to assess the impact of treadmill running on distal femoral cartilage thickness.

Methods: Professional athletes aged 20 to 40 years with a history of treadmill running (minimum 75 min per week for the past three months or more) and age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls were recruited. Demographics and clinical features of participants were recorded.

OptoREACT: Optogenetic Receptor Activation on Nonengineered Human T Cells.

Optogenetics is a versatile and powerful tool for the control and analysis of cellular signaling processes. The activation of cellular receptors by light using optogenetic switches usually requires genetic manipulation of cells. However, this considerably limits the application in primary, nonengineered cells, which is crucial for the study of physiological signaling processes and for controlling cell fate and function for therapeutic purposes.

Development of a Novel Neurological Score Combining GCS and FOUR Scales for Assessment of Neurosurgical Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: GCS-FOUR Scale.

Background: Consciousness assessment is crucial for patients with traumatic brain injury. In this study, we developed a novel scoring system combining the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and the full outline of unresponsiveness (FOUR) and evaluated its association with the intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, mortality, and functional outcome.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from patients with traumatic brain injury admitted to the neurosurgical ICU of our institution during a 2-year period.

Endovascular therapy for acute stroke with a large infarct core: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: In this meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with large core infarct.

Methods: Three online databases of Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched. Original studies which evaluated AIS participants with large core infarction who underwent EVT were included.

Outcomes of the early endoscopic-assisted suturectomy for treatment of multisuture craniosynostosis.

To present the outcomes and adverse events associated with the endoscopic-assisted, minimally invasive suturectomy in patients with multisuture synostosis. This retrospective cohort study included children < 65 days of age who underwent endoscopic-assisted suturectomy (EAS) for multisuture craniosynostosis at a single tertiary referral center from 2013 to 2021. The primary outcome was calvarial expansion, and the secondary outcome was adverse events.

Engineering of an Optogenetic T Cell Receptor Compatible with Fluorescence-Based Readouts.

Optogenetics offers a set of tools for the precise manipulation of signaling pathways. Here we exploit optogenetics to experimentally change the kinetics of protein-protein interactions on demand. We had developed a system in which the interaction of a modified T cell receptor (TCR) with an engineered ligand can be controlled by light.

Spinal Ganglioneuroma: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objective: Spinal ganglioneuromas (GNs) are rare benign tumors that often manifest as symptoms related to the compression of neural elements. The preferred treatment for affected patients is surgical resection, which typically improves symptoms and accompanies a low likelihood of tumor recurrence. We conducted a systematic review of reports of GNs involving the spinal cord and nerve roots, examining their clinical presentation, surgical management, and outcomes.

Spinal Cord Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pain and Motor Outcomes.

Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been investigated as a potential therapeutic option for managing refractory symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SCS in PD.

Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Science to identify SCS studies reporting Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-III (UPDRS-III) or Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score changes in PD cohorts with at least 3 patients and a follow-up period of at least 1 month.

Dynamic Rod Constructs as the Preventive Strategy against Adjacent Segment Disease in Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Disorders: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study.

Objectives: Adjacent segment degeneration (ASDe) and adjacent segment disease (ASDi) are potential long-term complications after lumbar fusion with rigid instrumentation. Dynamic fixation techniques (Topping-off) adjacent to the fused segments have been developed to curtail the risk of ASDe and ASDi. The current study sought to investigate whether the addition of dynamic rod constructs (DRC) in patients with preoperative degeneration in the adjacent disc was effective in reducing the risk of ASDi.

Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization with Liquid Embolic Agents for Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization with liquid embolic agents and the outcomes of patients following this procedure.

Materials And Methods: A review of the literature was conducted to identify studies investigating the efficacy and safety of MMA embolization with liquid embolic agents in patients with chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. The keywords "liquid embolic agent," "middle meningeal artery," "cSDH," and "embolization" as well as their synonyms were used to build up the search strategy.

Opto-APC: Engineering of cells that display phytochrome B on their surface for optogenetic studies of cell-cell interactions.

The kinetics of a ligand-receptor interaction determine the responses of the receptor-expressing cell. One approach to experimentally and reversibly change this kinetics on demand is optogenetics. We have previously developed a system in which the interaction of a modified receptor with an engineered ligand can be controlled by light.

Civilian penetrating traumatic brain injury: A 5-year single-center experience.

Background: The aim of this study was to report the demographics and clinical features of patients with penetrating traumatic brain injury (PTBI) during the past 5 years in Rajaee Hospital, a tertiary referral trauma center in Shiraz, southern Iran.

Methods: We conducted a 5-year retrospective evaluation of all patients diagnosed with PTBI who were referred to Rajaee Hospital. We retrieved the following items from the hospital's database and PACS system: patients' demographics, on-admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), presence of trauma to other organs, duration of the hospital and ICU stay, the neurosurgical interventions, any necessity of tracheostomy, duration of ventilator dependency, the entrance point of the trauma in the skull, type of assault, length of trajectory in the brain parenchyma, the number of remaining objects in the brain, the occurrence of any hemorrhagic phenomenon, the cross of the bullet from the midline or coronal suture, and the presence of the pneumocephalus.

Recurrent Cushing Disease: An Extensive Review on Pros and Cons of Different Therapeutic Approaches.

Objective: Recurrent Cushing disease (CD) is characterized by the reappearance of clinical and hormonal aspects of hypercortisolism that occur more than 6 months after an initial post-treatment remission.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the evidence about remission and complication rates after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) radiotherapy (RT) and medical therapy (MT) in recurrent CD patients. A quantitative systematic review was performed.

Correlation of response to subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease patients with striatal dopamine transporter density on 99mtc-TRODAT-1 SPECT.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical approach with electrical stimulation of certain parts of the brain, which reduce Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms. Since the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is the main pathophysiology of PD, we aimed to evaluate the association of response to DBS with preoperative dopamine transporter density (DAT) and its postoperative changes in PD patients who underwent the bilateral implantation of the electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus (STN).

Method: A prospective evaluation of Parkinson's disease patients who underwent STN-DBS for 2 years was done.

Effect of a Boswellia and Ginger Mixture on the Memory Dysfunction of the Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial.

Objective: To study a Boswellia and ginger mixture on the memory dysfunction of the mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients

Methods: Patients with mTBI were asked about memory impairment following the injury. One hundred mTBI patients were visited and assessed using an auditory-visual learning test (AVLT) questionnaire. By using random permuted blocks, patients were given the Memoral (a mixture of 360 mg of Boswellia and 36 mg of ginger) or placebo and were asked to consume it for a month.

Constant current or constant voltage deep brain stimulation: short answers to a long story.

Purpose: Recently, the feature of generating constant current output has been added to the implantable pulse generators (IPGs). The efficacy of the conventionally used constant voltage (CV) stimulation has been proved in different movement and psychiatric disorders. In this systematic review, we aimed to discuss the effect of constant current (CC) and constant voltage stimulation on patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who had subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation implantation; we also compared these methods of stimulation with each other.

Management of Optic Pathway Glioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: OPG accounts for 3−5% of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors and about 2% of pediatric glial lesions. Methods: Article selection was performed by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Results: The pooled mortality rate was 0.

Particle embolic agents for embolization of middle meningeal artery in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the efficacy and safety of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) using particle embolic agents to treat cSDH.

Methods: To retrieve articles investigating outcomes of patients following MMAE with particle agents and to compare their outcome with conventional treatment, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using relevant keywords. Original articles with more than 10 cases were included.