Historical Depictions of the Brain: The Origins from the Non-Western World.

Any written work concerning the history of neuroanatomy would be difficult to imagine without acknowledging the pioneering works of Santiago Ramón y Cajal and Camillo Golgi. Cajal improved upon Golgi's staining technique at the turn of the 20th century. He implemented it to deliver the world's first incredibly detailed visualizations of cellular networks of the nervous system.

Transformation but not generation of motor images is disrupted following stimulation over the left inferior parietal lobe.

Motor imagery (MI) involves the generation, maintenance, and transformation of motor images; yet, the neural underpinnings of each stage are not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) in the stages of MI. Healthy participants (N = 20) engaged in a MI task (making judgments about hands presented on a screen; hand laterality judgment task) over two days.

Spectroscopic, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and theoretical studies of new bivalent Schiff base complexes derived from 4-bromo-2,6-dichloroaniline.

In this paper, four new mono-nuclear Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II) and Zn(II) complexes were prepared by using a bi-dentate Schiff base ligand, ()-2-(((4-bromo-2,6-dichlorophenyl)imino)methyl)-5-chlorophenol (), with bivalent ions in a methanol and distil water mixture as solvent in presence of NaOH as base. The structures of the prepared compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (IR and H NMR), CHN analysis, and molar conductivity. The M(II) (Ni, Pd and Pt) ions are four-coordinated by a bi-dentate NO donor ligand, forming square planar geometry, whereas the Zn(II) is coordinated as a tetrahedral geometry.

Thermo-activated in situ rectal gel preparation for Ibuprofen using eutectic mixture.

This study aimed to develop a thermosensitive in situ gel formulation for rectal delivery of Ibuprofen as an efficient alternative dosage form. Utilizing poloxamer 188, poloxamer 407, and HPMC via cold technique method, a thermosensitive in situ gel was successfully prepared. The concentration of Ibuprofen in the formulations was 1.

Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case Report.

This case report presents the successful use of dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS) in a 30-year-old female patient with Crohn's disease. Despite extensive treatments, the patient experienced chronic abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, cramping, fatigue, and other debilitating symptoms. After a successful DRGS trial with leads placed on the right T6 and T10, she was implanted with a permanent system.

Voltametric Sensor Based on Magnetic Chitosan Acetylindole-Based Nanocomposite for the Determination of Sulfamethazine.

Sulfamethazine (SMZ), a persistent antibiotic, is frequently detected in drinking water and milk. For this reason, our research aimed to develop a novel electrochemical sensor based on a magnetic nanocomposite supported on chitosan modified by 3-acetylindole through the formation of chitosan acetylindole Schiff base (Chs-Aci). The objective was to detect extremely low concentrations of SMZ in milk.

Evaluation of Washout Periods After Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation Trial.

Objective: Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG-S) is a novel therapy to treat chronic pain. It has shown efficacy when delivered intermittently, suggesting a delayed washout effect exists. To measure the washout period, and to determine whether there are differences in washout times among different types of treated pain, we measured the time for pain to return at the end of the patients' one-week DRG stimulation trials.

Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation to Treat Chronic Shoulder Pain: A Case Report.

A 67-year-old man presented with severe 9 of 10 intractable pain of the left shoulder joint after arthroplasty and revision surgeries, with associated weakness, atrophy, and limited range of motion in all directions. Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG-S) at the left C4, C5, and C6 levels was used after failed conservative and interventional measures, resulting in significant improvement in pain, function, and quality of life measures through 6 months postimplantation. Larger studies should examine if DRG-S is effective in treating chronic arthritic joint pain as well as chronic postsurgical pain of the shoulder that is not predominantly neuropathic.

Synthesis of (R)-(6-Methoxyquinolin-4-yl)[(1S,2S,4S,5R)-5-vinylquinuclidin-2-yl]methanol Tetraphenylborate Ion-Pair Complex: Characterization, Antimicrobial, and Computational Study.

The (R)-(6-Methoxyquinolin-4-yl)[(1S,2S,4S,5R)-5-vinylquinuclidin-2-yl]methanol (quinine)-tetraphenylborate complex was synthesized by reacting sodium tetraphenyl borate with quinine in deionized water at room temperature through an ion-pair reaction (green chemistry) at room temperature. The solid complex was characterized by several physicochemical methods. The formation of ion-pair complex between bio-active molecules and/or organic molecules is crucial to comprehending the relationships between bioactive molecules and receptor interactions.

Improving the Durability of Chitosan Films through Incorporation of Magnesium, Tungsten, and Graphene Oxides for Biomedical Applications.

Bacterial infections that cause chronic wounds provide a challenge to healthcare worldwide because they frequently impede healing and cause a variety of problems. In this study, loaded with tungsten oxide (WO ), Magnesium oxide (MgO), and graphene oxide (GO) on chitosan (CS) membrane, an inexpensive polymer casting method was successfully prepared for wound healing applications. All fabricated composites were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

Lead migration rate in dorsal root ganglion stimulation using lead anchoring techniques: A follow-up study.

Background: Lead anchoring has previously been shown to reduce the rate of dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG-S) lead migration. The aim of this study was to assess longer-term follow-up and consistency of lead migration prevention with lead anchoring in a new cohort of patients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review from September 2017 to November 2022 of all patients who had DRG-S implants at our institute to identify the number of lead migrations that occurred over this period.

Corrosion mitigation characteristics of some novel organoselenium thiourea derivatives for acid pickling of C1018 steel via experimental and theoretical study.

Two organoselenium thiourea derivatives, 1-(4-(methylselanyl)phenyl)-3-phenylthiourea (DS036) and 1-(4-(benzylselanyl)phenyl)-3-phenylthiourea (DS038) were produced and categorized using FTIR and NMR (H and C). The effectiveness of the above two compounds as C-steel corrosion inhibitors in molar HCl was evaluated using the potentiodynamic polarization (PD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. PD findings indicate that DS036 and DS038 have mixed-type features.

Synthesis and in Silico Investigation of Organoselenium-Clubbed Schiff Bases as Potential M Inhibitors for the SARS-CoV-2 Replication.

Since the first report of the organoselenium compound, ebselen, as a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 M main protease by Z. Jin et al. (Nature, 2020), different OSe analogs have been developed and evaluated for their anti-COVID-19 activities.

A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on an Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Magnetic Chitosan Nanocomposite Carbon Paste Electrode for the Determination of Diclofenac to Control Inflammation.

A simple and eco-friendly electrochemical sensor for the anti-inflammatory diclofenac (DIC) was developed in a chitosan nanocomposite carbon paste electrode (M-Chs NC/CPE). The M-Chs NC/CPE was characterized with FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM for the size, surface area, and morphology. The produced electrode showed a high electrocatalytic activity to use the DIC in 0.

Cd(II) and Pd(II) Mixed Ligand Complexes of Dithiocarbamate and Tertiary Phosphine Ligands-Spectroscopic, Anti-Microbial, and Computational Studies.

Mixed ligand complexes of Pd(II) and Cd(II) with -picolyl-amine dithiocarbamate (PAC-dtc) as primary ligand and tertiary phosphine ligand as secondary ligands have been synthesized and characterized via elemental analysis, molar conductance, NMR (H and P), and IR techniques. The PAC-dtc ligand displayed in a monodentate fashion via sulfur atom whereas diphosphine ligands coordinated as a bidentate mode to afford a square planner around the Pd(II) ion or tetrahedral around the Cd(II) ion. Except for complexes [Cd(PAC-dtc)(dppe)] and [Cd(PAC-dtc)(PPh)], the prepared complexes showed significant antimicrobial activity when evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.

Synthesis, molecular docking study and anticancer activity of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potential tubulin inhibitors.

The current study reports on the synthesis and anticancer efficacy of novel oxadiazole derivatives (8a-f) as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. NMR, mass, and elemental studies were used to confirm the newly produced compounds. In contrast to the conventional medicine colchicine, compounds 8e and 8f demonstrated stronger sensitivity and improved IC values in the range of 3.

Fabrication of layered InS/WS heterostructure for enhanced and efficient photocatalytic CO reduction and various paraben degradation in water.

Because of the excessive use of fossil fuels, CO emissions into the environment are increasing. An efficient method of converting CO to useful carbonaceous products in the presence of light is one way to address the issues associated with energy and environmental remediation. InS/WS heterostructure has been fabricated using the efficient hydrothermal method.

Development of New Azomethine Metal Chelates Derived from Isatin: DFT and Pharmaceutical Studies.

Through the condensation of isatin (indoline-2, 3-dione) and aniline in a 1:1 ratio, a Schiff base ligand was synthesized and characterized via (H-NMR, mass, IR, UV-Vis) spectra. Elemental analyses, spectroscopy (H-NMR, mass, UV-Vis), magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, mass spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermal analysis have all been used to characterize a series of Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) metal complexes derived from the titled ligand. The metal-to-ligand ratio is 1:1, according to the analytical data.

Dorsal root ganglion stimulation for the treatment of joint pain with predominantly nociceptive characteristics: A case series.

Introduction: Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG-S) has recently emerged as a novel therapy in neuromodulation that demonstrated a higher rate of success than spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in a prospective, head-to-head randomized comparative trial to treat complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and causalgia. In contrast to SCS, DRG-S also shows promise in treating conditions that are not purely neuropathic such as axial low back pain, which has a prominent nociplastic pain component. It is not known to what extent the effectiveness of DRG-S for such indications is due to effective treatment of the neuropathic pain component versus the effects of DRG-S on mechanical pain.

Design, synthesis, molecular docking and pharmacological evaluation of novel triazine-based triazole derivatives as potential anticonvulsant agents.

Triazine-linked triazole compounds (4a-j) were designed, synthesized, and then examined for their anticonvulsant abilities. Compounds 4e, 4f, 4g, 4i, and 4j displayed significant anticonvulsant activity in both maximum electroshock seizure (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure during the preliminary screening. The phase II anticonvulsant activity statistics revealed that compounds 4e, 4f, 4g, 4i, and 4j demonstrated excellent activity as compared to the conventional drugs methaqualone and valproate, supporting the potential of these triazine-linked triazole analogues as novel anticonvulsant agents.

Fruit peel-based mesoporous activated carbon microwave assisted KCO activation: Box Behnken design and desirability function for methylene blue dye adsorption.

A low-cost fruit waste namely watermelon peel (WMP) was utilized as a promising precursor for the preparation of mesoporous activated carbon (WMP-AC) microwave assisted-KCO activation. The WMP-AC was applied as an adsorbent for methylene blue dye (MB) removal. Several types of characterizations, such as specific surface area (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Elemental Analysis (CHNS/O), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to identify the physicochemical properties of WMP-AC.

High-Surface-Area-Activated Carbon Derived from Mango Peels and Seeds Wastes via Microwave-Induced ZnCl Activation for Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye Molecules: Statistical Optimization and Mechanism.

In this study, Mango () seeds (MS) and peels (MP) seeds mixed fruit wastes were employed as a renewable precursor to synthesize high-surface-area-activated carbon (MSMPAC) by using microwave-induced ZnCl activation. Thus, the applicability of MSMPAC was evaluated towards the removal of cationic dye (methylene blue, MB) from an aqueous environment. The key adsorption factors, namely A: MSMPAC dose (0.

Potential Association between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Childhood Migraine.

Background and Objectives: Migraine is caused by genetic susceptibility that is triggered by environmental as well as biological factors, and it is also linked to many somatic comorbidities, including clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism. We aimed to estimate the potential association between subclinical hypothyroidism (ScH) and migraine in children at our tertiary hospital. Materials and Methods: Using a case−control strategy, 200 children and adolescents were assigned to two equal groups: a case group (patients with migraine) of 100 patients and a control group of 100 patients without migraine.

Pancreatic cyst fluid interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) level in predicting the risk of malignancy in pancreatic cysts.

Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) may be accidentally discovered in up to 13.5% of cases. These PCLs are of multiple types, including mucinous cysts (intra-ductal papillary mucinous neoplasms [IPMN] and mucinous cystic neoplasms [MCN]) that have a risk of malignant transformation.