Age distribution types of bladder cancers and their relationship with opium consumption and smoking.

Background: Recognition of the predisposing factors of bladder cancer is very important and provides possible prevention measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the types, distribution of bladder tumors and their relationship with opium consumption and smoking in patients who referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol, Iran.

Methods: In this case-control study, all patients diagnosed with bladder cancer who underwent surgery during 2001-2012 were enrolled.

Evaluation of preincubation time interval in testicular biopsy to obtain optimum sperm parameters.

Objective: In sever oligospermia; one of the paths used for surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) is to extract sperm via a testicular biopsy. The aim of our study is to determine the reliable time interval between testicular biopsy and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure in order to obtain optimumsperm parameters (count, motility and normal morphology).

Materials And Methods: This cohort study was carried out on 30 patients which were candidates for ICSI.

Bacteriological study and structural composition of staghorn stones removed by the anatrophic nephrolithotomic procedure.

This study was conducted to determine the composition of staghorn stones and to assess the proportion of infected stones as well as the correlation between infection in the stones and bacteria grown in urine. Samples of 45 consecutive stones removed through anatrophic nephrolithotomic procedures were taken from the operation site and samples of urine were obtained by simultaneous bladder catheterization. The frequency of infection in the stones and correlation between infection of stone and urine samples were determined with respect to the composition of the stones.