Introduction: Osteoporosis, a critical public health challenge, is marked by skeletal deformities and heightened fracture risk. (SP), a component of traditional Chinese medicine, is known to enhance bone health, but the molecular mechanisms behind its osteoprotective effects are not well understood.
Methods: We isolated extracellular vesicle (EV)-like particles from SP (SP-EVLP) using differential velocity centrifugation and investigated their effects on human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) in vitro.