Proximal Humerus Fractures: A Review of Anatomy, Classification, Management Strategies, and Complications.

Proximal humerus fractures are prevalent in older adults, particularly women, primarily due to osteoporosis and increased fall risk. These fractures often result from low-energy falls in elderly patients, while in younger individuals, they are more likely to occur with high-energy trauma, which may involve additional injuries to soft tissue and neurovascular structures. Proper anatomical understanding, including key structures and blood supply, is crucial for effective management and to prevent complications.

A phosphate glass reinforced composite acrylamide gradient scaffold for osteochondral interface regeneration.

The bone-cartilage interface is defined by a unique arrangement of cells and tissue matrix. Injury to the interface can contribute to the development of arthritic joint disease. Attempts to repair osteochondral damage through clinical trials have generated mixed outcomes.

Hepcidin as a Potential Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Anemia.

There are several blood-based markers to assess iron stores, but they all have some limitations. Hepcidin, a low-molecular-weight peptide hormone, is produced mainly by the liver. It is the main regulator of iron homeostasis by preventing iron release into plasma from absorptive enterocytes and macrophages.

Acrylamide-based hydrogels with distinct osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential.

Regeneration solutions for the osteochondral interface depth are limited, where multi-material implants have the potential to delaminate affecting the regeneration process and impacting the final integrity of tissue interface. Here we explore regionally mixed hydrogel networks, presenting distinct chemical features to determine their compatibility in supporting osteogenic or chondrogenic cell behaviour and differentiation. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) and poly(N-tert-butylacrylamide) (pNTBAM) hydrogels were assessed in terms of their chemical differences, mechanical strength, internal architecture, porosity and capacity to support cell viability, migration, and differentiation.

Genomic-based characterization of Enterococcus spp.: an emerging pathogen isolated from human gut.

Background: Enterococci are ubiquitous microorganisms having diverse ecological niches but most prominently in gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Production of enterocins makes them a good probiotic candidate. However, their role as probiotics has become ambiguous in the last few years because of the presence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes.

Fatigue and Mood States in Nursing Home and Nonambulatory Home-Based Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressively disabling condition of the central nervous system. We sought to evaluate and compare mood states in patients with MS with increased disability residing in nursing homes and those receiving home-based care.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the New York State Multiple Sclerosis Consortium to identify patients with MS using a Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 7.

Exudative Polymorphous Vitelliform Retinopathy: Importance of Early Recognition of the Condition in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma.

Introduction: Because of the advent of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, patients with this disease are surviving longer. Early recognition of the disease has therefore become even more important.

Case Report: We present a patient with vitelliform maculopathy, a paraneoplastic retinal maculopathy that is under-recognized.

Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA).

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery also recognized as Bland White Garland syndrome is a very rare congenital condition. A two-months old baby boy presented with dyspnoea for two weeks and a pansystolic murmur on auscultation. The base line investigations showed cardiomegaly and bilateral basal haze on X-ray chest.