IGFL2-AS1, a Long Non-Coding RNA, Is Associated with Radioresistance in Colorectal Cancer.

Precise prediction of radioresistance is an important factor in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). To discover genes that regulate the radioresistance of CRCs, we analyzed an RNA sequencing dataset of patient-originated samples. Among various candidates, IGFL2-AS1, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), exhibited an expression pattern that was well correlated with radioresistance.

An analysis of the policy participation of field response nurses in South Korea: COVID-19 response guidelines and the infectious disease act revision.

Introduction: The Republic of Korea's response to Coronavirus disease 2019 was divided before and after global vaccine development at the end of 2020. It also varied according to the size of confirmed patients in the non-pharmaceutical intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the contribution of frontline nurses to the policy and law revision on infectious diseases and suggest health and nursing policies for emerging infectious diseases in the future.

A Patient-Derived Organoid-Based Radiosensitivity Model for the Prediction of Radiation Responses in Patients with Rectal Cancer.

Patient-derived tumor organoids closely resemble original patient tumors. We conducted this co-clinical trial with treatment-naive rectal cancer patients and matched patient-derived tumor organoids to determine whether a correlation exists between experimental results obtained after irradiation in patients and organoids. Between November 2017 and March 2020, we prospectively enrolled 33 patients who were diagnosed with mid-to-lower rectal adenocarcinoma based on endoscopic biopsy findings.

Advanced Xenograft Model with Cotransplantation of Patient-Derived Organoids and Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells for Precision Medicine.

Preclinical evaluation models have been developed for precision medicine, with patient-derived xenograft models (PDXs) and patient-derived organoids (PDOs) attracting increasing attention. However, each of these models has application limitations. In this study, an advanced xenograft model was established and used for drug screening.

Implication of FDG-PET/CT without synchronous colonic lesion in patients with stenotic left-sided colorectal cancer.

Although 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is useful for detecting synchronous colorectal cancer (CRC) in stenotic CRC, long-term outcomes of patients without synchronous FDG-avid lesions are not well reported. We investigated postoperative colonoscopy results in patients with left-sided stenosing CRC without synchronous FDG-avid lesions. In this retrospective review, 754 patients with left-sided CRC without synchronous FDG-avid lesions on preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT were divided into two groups based on the completeness of preoperative colonoscopy.

Valproic acid protects intestinal organoids against radiation via NOTCH signaling.

Radiotherapy is a leading treatment for various types of cancer. However, exposure to high-dose ionizing radiation causes acute gastrointestinal injury and gastrointestinal syndrome. This has significant implications for human health, and therefore, radioprotection is a major area of research.

Butyrate enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy via FOXO3A in colorectal cancer patient‑derived organoids.

Enhancing the radioresponsiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) is essential for local control and prognosis. However, consequent damage to surrounding healthy cells can lead to treatment failure. We hypothesized that short‑chain fatty acids (SCFAs) could act as radiosensitizers for cancer cells, allowing the administration of a lower and safer dose of radiation.

Potentiation of calcium-activated chloride secretion and barrier dysfunction may underlie EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced diarrhea.

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFr TKIs) are first-line therapies for various cancers, and cause dose-limiting severe diarrhea in many patients. We hypothesized that diarrhea caused by EGFr TKIs might reflect actions on epithelial transport, barrier function, or both, which we tested using cell cultures including murine and human enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs), analyzed using electrophysiological and other relevant methods. EGFr TKIs (such as afatinib, erlotinib, and osimertinib) reversed the acute inhibitory effect of EGF on chloride secretion induced by carbachol (CCh) across T84 human colonic epithelial cells, which correlated with the diarrhea-inducing effect of each agent clinically.

Comparison of Antiretroviral Regimens: Adverse Effects and Tolerability Failure that Cause Regimen Switching.

Background: The efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved, and the adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs have been reduced. However, these adverse effects still significantly influence patient compliance, increasing the risk of tolerability failure. Therefore, we investigated the adverse effects and tolerability failure causing changes in the first ART regimen, and identified the regimens that were most vulnerable to switching.

Covered metallic stents with an anti-migration design vs. uncovered stents for the palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction: a multicenter, randomized trial.

Objectives: Previous studies reported comparable stent patency between covered self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) and uncovered SEMS (UCS) for palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the newly developed WAVE-covered SEMS (WCS), which has an anti-migration design, compared with UCS in gastric cancer patients with symptomatic GOO.

Methods: A total of 102 inoperable gastric cancer patients with symptomatic GOO were prospectively enrolled from five referral centers and randomized to undergo UCS or WCS placement.

Hedgehog signaling between cancer cells and hepatic stellate cells in promoting cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Aberrant Hedgehog (HH) signaling activation is important in cancer growth and mediates the interaction between cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells. This study investigated the role of HH signaling on the growth of cholangiocarcinoma (CC), focusing on the interaction of CC cells with stromal cells.

Methods: To evaluate the interaction between human CC cells (SNU-1196, SNU-246, SNU-308, SNU-1079, and HuCCT-1) and stromal cells (hepatic stellate cell line, Lx-2), co-culture proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed.

Evaluation of anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille.

Dendropanax morbifera Léveille, an endemic species in Korea, is best known as a tree that produces a resinous sap. Although D. morbifera is used in folk medicine, its biological activities are poorly understood.

[Effect of after-hours emergency endoscopy on the outcome of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding].

Background/aims: Gastrointestinal endoscopy is imperative for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) to find bleeding focus and stop bleeding. This study was designed to assess the necessity of emergency endoscopy and determine screening criteria for the patients who presented to emergency room (ER) with after-hours AUGIB.

Methods: The medical records of 383 patents with AUGIB who presented to ER at after-hours were reviewed.