Incidence, types and predictors of adverse events and their impact on treatment outcomes in multidrug/rifampicin resistant tuberculosis patients receiving all oral treatment regimens.

Background: Patients suffering from multidrug/rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) are treated for prolonged periods with a complex regimen comprised of relatively less effective and more toxic anti-TB drugs, consequently resulting in high incidence of adverse events (AEs).

Study Aim: The current study evaluates the incidence, types, management and predictors of AEs, and their impact on treatment outcomes in MDR/RR-TB patients receiving all oral treatment regimens.

Study Design: A total of 242 eligible MDR/RR-TB patients treated at two different study sites from June 2019 to December 2021 were included in this study.

Endoscopic carpal tunnel release with opponensplasty using ring finger flexor digitorum superficialis under WALANT with ultrasound assistance.

In patients with severe, long-standing carpal tunnel syndrome and thenar muscle atrophy, nerve decompression alone is unlikely to restore thumb opposition. A multitude of tendon transfer techniques have been described to restore thumb opposition. We describe the technique of an endoscopic carpal tunnel release with opponensplasty using ring finger flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon under Wide Awake Local Anaesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) and ultrasound assistance.

Neurological and neurobehavioral effects of welders in Egypt exposed to manganese containing welding fumes.

Purpose: Welders are more likely to develop neurobehavioral disorders because of their exposure to neurotoxic metals such as manganese. This study aimed to measure the neurobehavioral performance of welders occupationally exposed to manganese at welding enterprises and its relationship with the workplace environment.

Methods: It is a comparative cross-sectional study carried out on 130 welders working at 50 welding enterprises in Menoufia governorate, Egypt, compared to 130 non-occupationally exposed controls.

Expert assessment of infiltration depth and recommendation of endoscopic resection technique in early Barrett cancer.

Background: Early Barrett cancer can be curatively treated by endoscopic resection. The choice of the resection technique, however-endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or submucosal dissection (ESD)-largely depends on the assumed infiltration depth as judged by the endoscopist. However, the accuracy of endoscopic diagnosis of the degree of cancer infiltration is not known.

Hand conditions as sequelae of infection with COVID-19: a literature review.

Patients have attended our clinics with various hand pathologies after contracting COVID-19 or receiving vaccination. We postulate the virus stimulates a systemic inflammatory response that triggers these pathologies and conducted a search of the literature for associated conditions. Twenty publications were included for this review.

Effect of Feeding Pomegranate () Peel and Garlic () on Antioxidant Status and Reproductive Efficiency of Female Rabbits.

Egypt's animal protein shortfall cannot be overcome by expanding the production of large animals alone, but rather by increasing the production of highly reproducing animals in the livestock unit. The goal of this study was to examine how adding pomegranate peel (PP), garlic powder (GP), or a mixture of the two to the diet of does affect their weight, the number of offspring, reproductive performance, hematological indices, and several antioxidants indicators as well as the liver and kidney functions. A total of 20 adult and mature female mixed rabbits at age 4.

Orthopaedics and the gender pay gap: A systematic review.

Aims: Gender pay gaps are present in a wide range of industries, with the medical profession being no exception. The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the peer-reviewed literature to identify whether there is a gender pay gap in orthopaedics.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching the following databases: MEDLINE, Health & Medical Collection, Nursing & Allied Health Database, Publicly Available Content Database, Consumer Health Database and Healthcare Administration Database.

Analysis of Potential Genes and Economic Parameters Associated with Growth and Heat Tolerance in Sheep ().

This study explored the potential genes and economic factors that might be associated with growth and heat tolerance in two sheep breeds. Data on growth performance from the third month to six months of age were obtained based on records. In comparison to Aboudeleik lambs, Barki lambs developed considerably greater starting body weight, final body weight, final body weight gain, daily weight gain, and percentage increase in BW/month.

Pancreatic cyst fluid glucose: a rapid on-site diagnostic test for mucinous cysts.

Background: Pancreatic cystic fluid (PCF) analysis is frequently used for cyst diagnosis with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) being the most accepted biomarker. Low glucose levels in PCF were previously suggested as a marker for mucinous cysts. A bed-side glucometer is a point-of care, immediate, simple, and cheap method which requires a small volume of PCF.

Preparation, physicochemical characterization, and bioactivity evaluation of berberine-entrapped albumin nanoparticles.

Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid with several clinical therapeutic applications. Its low water solubility, absorption, and cellular bioavailability diminish BBR's therapeutic efficacy. In this study, BBR was encapsulated into bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA NPs) core to reduce BBR limitations and enhance its clinical therapeutic properties.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of premalignant pancreatic-cystic neoplasms and neuroendocrine tumors: prospective study.

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) is a developing therapeutic approach for premalignant pancreatic-cystic neoplasms (PCNs) and small pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). The safety and efficacy of pancreatic EUS-RFA were previously reported in small series. Herein we report our initial experience with RFA of PCNs and small PNETs.

Increased prevalence of colorectal neoplasia in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.

Background: The association between intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and colorectal cancer (CRC) and polyps is controversial.

Objectives: To compare the prevalence of CRC and colorectal polyps among patients with IPMN and matched average risk individuals.

Methods: A match cross-sectional historical study comparing colonoscopy findings of 310 patients with IPMN cysts who underwent at least one colonoscopy examination from 2004 through 2019, with 310 age- and gender-matched average risk participants who underwent a screening colonoscopy.

[Endoscopic Resection for GEP-NET].

Neuroendocrine tumours (NET) are rare tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Many of these are diagnosed incidentally during routine upper and lower GI endoscopy. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice for localised tumours.

Assessing the potential biological activities of TiO and Cu, Ni and Cr doped TiO nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles are like magic bullets and nanomaterials exhibit appealing properties. Their size and morphology can be switched by dopants for certain biological activities. Nanoparticles in combination with certain drugs enhance the antibiotic effects and may be valuable in combating bacterial resistance.

Skin Graft Review in Dermofasciectomy for Dupuytren's Contracture within 48 Hours: Challenging Historical Practice.

 Early review of skin graft following dermofasciectomy with skin grafting for Dupuytren's disease is not standard practice because of the potentially adverse effects on inosculation and neovascularization process of the skin grafting. The purpose of this retrospective case series was to observe whether early review of grafts postoperatively at 48 hours adversely affects graft survival and surgical outcomes.  Forty-nine primary and revision procedures were retrospectively analyzed for treatment outcomes, postoperative complications, functional hand scoring, and satisfaction rates postoperatively.

The what, why and when of wide awake local anaesthesia no tourniquet surgery.

Wide awake local anaesthesia no tourniquet, also known as WALANT, is the practice of performing surgery under local anaesthetic in the absence of a tourniquet. This technique uses the vasoconstrictive effects of adrenaline and the local anaesthetic effects of lignocaine to establish a Bier block with haemostatic control. Permitting active patient participation intraoperatively, wide awake local anaesthesia no tourniquet surgery improves patient compliance with rehabilitation and yields higher patient satisfaction.

Respiratory health disorders among workers in some Egyptian welding enterprises.

Welding fumes contain a complex mixture of metallic oxides that pose a risk to welders' respiratory systems. This study aimed to evaluate respiratory health disorders among workers in some Egyptian welding enterprises and their relationship to the workplace environment. This research was performed from January 1, 2019 to February 28, 2021 in welding enterprises in Birket El-Sabaa, a randomly selected district of Menoufia governorate, Egypt.

Workaholism, sleep disorders, and potential e-learning impacts among Menoufia university staff during COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Workaholism is described as a constant, internal drive to work and behavioral addiction to work. Studies have shown the negative associations between workaholism, job performance, and health results as disrupted sleep. The purpose of this research was to compare the prevalence of workaholics among the academic staff of practical and theoretical Faculties in Egyptian universities using the Dutch Workaholism Scale (DUWAS) and to determine associated sleep problems.

Management of acute scaphoid fractures: a pragmatic approach for the non-specialist.

Scaphoid fractures are common and can cause significant morbidity if treated incorrectly. Thus, a working knowledge of the initial assessment and management of scaphoid fractures by non-specialists is crucial to allow quick diagnosis and avoid potentially catastrophic complications of scaphoid fracture. This article summarises the anatomy of the scaphoid, discusses methods to assess for scaphoid fractures and delineates management plans (conservative or operative) for fractures of the scaphoid based on location of vascular compromise.

Rapid detection of ceftriaxone resistance in clinical isolates of extensively drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.

Objective: To see the efficacy of rapid colour test for the sensitivity of ceftriaxone against clinical isolates of salmonella typhi.

Methods: The cross-sectional validation study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Pakistan Navy Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from Nov 2018 to April 2019, and comprised clinical isolates of salmonella typhi that were obtained from five different hospitals in Karachi and Hyderabad. The isolates were tested using the rapid colour test.

Hepatitis C related cognitive impairment: Impact of viral and host factors and response to therapy.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with cognitive impairment via several suggested mechanisms including direct neurotoxicity and minimal hepatic encephalopathy. The prevalence of HCV-related cognitive impairment and whether it is reversed by anti-viral therapy is unknown. We aimed to assess predictors and reversibility of cognitive impairment of HCV-infected patients after successful treatment.

Altered tumor suppressor genes expression in Egyptian pesticide applicators exposed to organophosphate insecticides.

Occupational exposure in spraying and application of non-arsenical insecticides has been classified as a probable human carcinogen. The fundamental molecular mechanisms involved the tumor-related genes. This study aimed to investigate the carcinogenesis effects related to chronic exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides in pesticide applicators.