Identification and characterization of the capsule depolymerase Dpo27 from phage IME-Ap7 specific to .

Among the genus, stands out as an important opportunistic infection causative agent commonly found in hospital settings, which poses a serious threat to human health. Recently, the high prevalence of carbapenem-resistant isolates has created significant therapeutic challenges for clinicians. Bacteriophages and their derived enzymes are promising therapeutic alternatives or adjuncts to antibiotics effective against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.

Efficacy and safety of Lianhua Qingwen capsules combined with standard of care in the treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 (FLOSAN): protocol for a randomized, double-blind, international multicenter clinical trial.

Background: Effective anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) drugs are not only the next defense after vaccines but also the key part of establishing a multi-tiered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and control system. Previous studies had indicated that Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) capsules could be an efficacious Chinese patent drug for treating mild to moderate COVID-19. However, pharmacoeconomic evaluations are lacking, and few trials have been conducted in other countries or regions to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LHQW treatment.

In vitro and in vivo synergistic effects of tigecycline combined with aminoglycosides on carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Objectives: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) infections represent severe threats to public health worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess potential synergistic interaction between tigecycline and aminoglycosides via in vitro and in vivo studies.

Methods: Antibiotic resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of 168 CR-KP clinical isolates were investigated by susceptibility testing, PCR and MLST.

Evidence-based Guideline for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin: 2020 Update by the Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Chinese Pharmacological Society.

Background: Clinical practice guidelines or recommendations often require timely and regular updating as new evidence emerges, because this can alter the risk-benefit trade-off. The scientific process of developing and updating guidelines accompanied by adequate implementation can improve outcomes. To promote better management of patients receiving vancomycin therapy, we updated the guideline for the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin published in 2015.

Frequency and Genetic Determinants of Tigecycline Resistance in Clinically Isolated in Beijing, China.

is an emerging nosocomial pathogen with high resistance to most clinically used antimicrobials. Tigecycline is a potential alternative antimicrobial for infection treatment, but its resistance mechanism in clinical isolates is not fully elucidated. We investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 450 isolated during 2012-2015 from three university hospitals in Beijing, China.

In vitro activity of minocycline combined with aminoglycosides against Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae.

This study assessed the in vitro antibacterial activity of minocycline-aminoglycoside combination against Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae. Seventy non-duplicate clinical isolates of KPC-producing K.

Use of Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the efficacy of tigecycline and minocycline for the treatment of pneumonia due to carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background: Pneumonia caused by carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CP-KP) are increasingly encountered in hospitals worldwide, causing high mortality due to lack of treatment options. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of tigecycline and minocycline for CP-KP hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) by using Monte Carlo simulation.

Methods: A total of 164 non-duplicated CP-KP strains were collected from sputum or blood in patients with HAP.

Macrolide-resistant prevalence and clinical aspects in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia in China: a prospective multicenter surveillance study.

Background: Drug resistant () is a rising issue in the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Epidemiological monitoring is essential for identifying resistant patterns of MP isolates against various antibiotics in adult CAP patients.

Methods: This is a prospectively designed multicenter study conducted on adult patients with CAP visiting six teaching hospitals in the cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou between September 2010 and June 2012.

Diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Chinese Thoracic Society, Chinese Medical Association.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults is an infectious disease with high morbidity in China and the rest of the world. With the changing pattern in the etiological profile of CAP and advances in medical techniques in diagnosis and treatment over time, Chinese Thoracic Society of Chinese Medical Association updated its CAP guideline in 2016 to address the standard management of CAP in Chinese adults. Extensive and comprehensive literature search was made to collect the data and evidence for experts to review and evaluate the level of evidence.

Penetration of Ciprofloxacin and Amikacin into the Alveolar Epithelial Lining Fluid of Rats with Pulmonary Fibrosis.

We determined the concentration-time profiles of ciprofloxacin and amikacin in serum and alveolar epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of rats with or without pulmonary fibrosis and investigated the effect of pulmonary fibrosis on the capacity for penetration of antimicrobials into the ELF of rats. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in rats with a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. After intravenous injection of ciprofloxacin or amikacin, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected.

Serum soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor as a biological marker of bacterial infection in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The serum concentration of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) reflects immune activation. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the usefulness of suPAR for the diagnosis and prognosis of bacterial infections. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies reporting the detection of suPAR in adult patients with bacterial infections.

Surveillance of Dihydropteroate Synthase Genes in by LAMP: Implications for Infection Control and Initial Therapy.

is a common nosocomial pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality. Because of its inherent extended antibiotic resistance, therapeutic options for are limited, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT) is the only first-line antimicrobial recommended. However, with the spread of dihydropteroate synthase ( and ) genes, global emergence of SXT resistance has been reported.

A randomized, open, multicenter clinical study on the short course of intravenous infusion of 750 mg of levofloxacin and the sequential standard course of intravenous infusion/oral administration of 500 mg of levofloxacin for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.

Background: To compare 5-day regimen of levofloxacin 750 mg IV daily with 7-14-day conventional regimen of levofloxacin 500 mg intravenous to oral (IV/PO) daily for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Chinese population.

Methods: This was a non-inferiority study to assess the difference of clinical efficacy at the end of treatment (EOT) between two regimens. Adult CAP patients with CURB-65 score 0-2 were enrolled from 17 hospitals in China from November 2012 to July 2014.

Tigecycline-Amikacin Combination Effectively Suppresses the Selection of Resistance in Clinical Isolates of KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

By far, only tigecycline, colistin, and some aminoglycosides still show favorable in vitro activities against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. However, rapid emergence of resistance often occurs during long-term treatment in clinic, challenging these last resort antimicrobials. In this study, we measured mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and mutant selection window (MSW) of tigecycline, colistin and amikacin alone and in combination for clinical isolates of KPC-producing K.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin: a guideline of the Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Chinese Pharmacological Society.

Background: Guideline development should be based on the quality of evidence, balance of benefits and harms, economic evaluation and patients' views and preferences. Therefore, these factors were considered in the development of a new guideline for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin.

Objectives: To develop an evidence-based guideline for vancomycin TDM and to promote standardized vancomycin TDM in clinical practice in China.

Tigecycline Treatment for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections are prevalent worldwide; they have few effective treatments and this jeopardizes public health. Clinicians often use tigecycline to combat CRE, but its clinical efficacy remains controversial. Therefore, to compare the efficacy and safety of tigecycline in treating CRE infections compared with that of other antimicrobial agents, and to evaluate whether combination therapy and high-dose regimens are beneficial, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Effects of Efflux Pump Inhibitors on Colistin Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria.

We tested the effects of various putative efflux pump inhibitors on colistin resistance in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Addition of 10 mg/liter cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) to the test medium could significantly decrease the MICs of colistin-resistant strains. Time-kill assays showed CCCP could reverse colistin resistance and inhibit the regrowth of the resistant subpopulation, especially in Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia These results suggest colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria can be suppressed and reversed by CCCP.

Tigecycline treatment experience against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The role of tigecycline in treating multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) infections remains controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of tigecycline in treating MDR-AB infections. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to 20 September 2015.

The accuracy of presepsin (sCD14-ST) for the diagnosis of sepsis in adults: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: The early diagnosis of sepsis remains a challenge. Recently, soluble cluster of differentiation 14 subtype (sCD14-ST), also known as presepsin, has been identified as a potential biomarker of sepsis. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of presepsin for sepsis in patients with systemic inflammation.

A meta-analysis of metronidazole and vancomycin for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection, stratified by disease severity.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy of metronidazole and vancomycin for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection, especially to investigate which agent was superior for treating either mild or severe C. difficile infection. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies identified in Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of therapy with linezolid containing regimens in the treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Background: Linezolid containing regimens have been proposed as potentially valuable alternatives for the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) or extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB).

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of linezolid for drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) treatment. We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trial Registry, PubMed, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), database up to May 2014 to identify studies providing data of the use of linezolid for the treatment of DR-TB.

Prophylactic use of macrolide antibiotics for the prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation: a meta-analysis.

Background: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPDs) can lead to high frequencies and rates of hospitalization and mortality. Macrolides are a class of antibiotics that possess both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Since the occurrence of AECOPDs is associated with aggravation of airway inflammation and bacterial infections, prophylactic macrolide treatment may be an effective approach towards the prevention of AECOPDs.