Piezoelectric dispenser printing and intense pulsed light sintering of AgNW/PEDOT:PSS hybrid transparent conductive films.

A hybrid transparent conductive films (TCFs) combining silver nanowires (AgNWs) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) was fabricated using a piezoelectric dispenser printing method. The innovation lies in optimizing the ink composition and employing intense pulsed light sintering to enhance the TCF's performance. The optimized AgNW/PEDOT:PSS mixture, with an 8:2 ratio, achieved a figure of merit (FOM) of 28.

Controlling Drying Conditions in Vacuum for Uniform Film Formation in Inkjet-Printed OLEDs.

The drying process of inkjet-printed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is influenced by both ink properties and external environmental factors, which ultimately affect the film profile. First, we conducted a detailed investigation of the drying time based on changes in the boiling point (BP) of mixed solvents and analyzed the correlation with the film profile. Under atmospheric drying conditions in a nitrogen (N) atmosphere, the increased drying time under capillary-driven flow leads to greater particle movement toward the edges, significantly increasing the coffee-ring effect.

3D printing of hollow geometries using blocking liquid substitution stereolithography.

Micrometer scale arbitrary hollow geometries within a solid are needed for a variety of applications including microfluidics, thermal management and metamaterials. A major challenge to 3D printing hollow geometries using stereolithography is the ability to retain empty spaces in between the solidified regions. In order to prevent unwanted polymerization of the trapped resin in the hollow spaces-known as print-through-significant constraints are generally imposed on the primary process parameters such as resin formulation, exposure conditions and layer thickness.

A review on intense pulsed light process as post-treatment for metal oxide thin films and nanostructures for device application.

The intense pulsed light (IPL) post-treatment process has attracted great attention in the device fabrication due to its versatility and rapidity particularly for solution process functional structures in devices, flexible/printed electronics, and continuous manufacturing process. The metal oxide materials inherently have multi-functionality and have been widely used in form of thin films or nanostructures in device application such as thin film transistors, light emitting diodes, solar cells, supercapacitors, etc. The IPL treatment enhances the physical and/or chemical properties of the functional metal oxide through photothermal effects.

Design and synthesis of amorphous SiOx structures generated by Sn quantum dots: growth mechanism and luminescent origin.

SiOx structures with different diameters of a few hundreds of nanometers and/or a few micrometers are prepared using applied thermal evaporation. Subsequently, Sn quantum dot-based SiOx architectures are synthesized via the continuous steps of the carbothermal reduction of SnO2, substitution of Sn(4+) for In(3+), thermal oxidation of Si, Sn sublimation, interfacial reaction, and diffusion reaction consistent with corresponding phase equilibriums. Several crystalline and spherical-shaped Sn quantum dots with diameters between 2 and 7 nm are observed in the amorphous SiOx structures.

Growth Mechanism and Luminescent Properties of Amorphous SiOx Structures via Phase Equilibrium in Binary System.

Balloon whisk-like and flower-like SiOx tubes with well-dispersed Sn and joining countless SiOx loops together induce intense luminescence characteristics in substrate materials. Our synthetic technique called "direct substrate growth" is based on pre-contamination of the surroundings without the intended catalyst and source powders. The kind of supporting material and pressure of the inlet gases determine a series of differently functionalized tube loops, i.

Preformulation and formulation of newly synthesized QNT3-18 for development of a skin whitening agent.

New molecules having the structure of (E)-2-(4-tert-butylbenzylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (QNT3-18) or 4-tert-butylphenylthiourea (QNT3-20) was synthesized and presupposed to inhibit melanogenesis through the inhibition of tyrosinase, which is involved in melanin formation. Therefore, we seek to develop these new molecules as skin whitening agents in topical formulations based on preformulation studies. QNT3-18 or QNT3-20 showed a strong single endothermic peak at 159.

Practical preparation procedures for docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles using polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid.

Background: Nanoparticles fabricated from the biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), are the most intensively investigated polymers for drug delivery systems. The objective of this study was to explore fully the development of a PLGA nanoparticle drug delivery system for alternative preparation of a commercial formulation. In our nanoparticle fabrication, our purpose was to compare various preparation parameters.

In vitro characterization of the invasiveness of polymer microneedle against skin.

The micro-sized needles could pierce the skin to deliver drugs effectively in a minimally invasive and painless manner. However, there are only a few reports that identify the invasiveness and painlessness of microneedle (MN), and in vitro characterization studies were conducted to examine the invasiveness of MN in experimental animals and healthy volunteers. First, a fluorescent molecule was applied to show the skin holes according to the application time of MN and then the whitening effect in UV-exposed hairless rats was observed using reflectance spectroscopy according to the application time of MN.

Effect of applying modes of the polymer microneedle-roller on the permeation of L-ascorbic acid in rats.

Despite the advantages of drug delivery through skin, transdermal drug delivery is only used with a small subset of drugs because most compounds cannot cross the skin at therapeutically useful rates. Recently, a new concept known as microneedle was introduced and could be used to pierce effectively to deliver drugs using micron-sized needles in a minimally invasive and painless manner. In this study, the polymer microneedle-roller was fabricated so that it can be applied into the permeation of L-ascorbic acid.

T lymphocytes and dendritic cells are activated by the deletion of peroxiredoxin II (Prx II) gene.

Peroxiredoxin II (Prx II) is a member of antioxidant enzyme family and it plays a protective role against oxidative damage. Constitutive production of endogenous reactive oxygen species was detected in spleen and bone marrow cells lacking Prx II. Here, we investigated the role of Prx II in immune responses.