Single-crystal, large-area, fold-free monolayer graphene.

Chemical vapour deposition of carbon-containing precursors on metal substrates is currently the most promising route for the scalable synthesis of large-area, high-quality graphene films. However, there are usually some imperfections present in the resulting films: grain boundaries, regions with additional layers (adlayers), and wrinkles or folds, all of which can degrade the performance of graphene in various applications. There have been numerous studies on ways to eliminate grain boundaries and adlayers, but graphene folds have been less investigated.

Biomechanical comparison of the angle of inserted screws and the length of anterior cervical plate systems with allograft spacers.

Background: Comparative studies of the biomechanical effects of plates of varying lengths and different screw insertion angles on allograft spacers are lacking.

Methods: Finite element model analysis of a previously validated, three-dimensional, intact cervical spinal segment model of C3-6 was conducted in the present study. On the C5-6 segment, anterior discectomy and fusion were performed using allograft spacers and different combinations of anterior plates and screws.

Earthquake Detection in a Static and Dynamic Environment Using Supervised Machine Learning and a Novel Feature Extraction Method.

Detecting earthquakes using smartphones or IoT devices in real-time is an arduous and challenging task, not only because it is constrained with the hard real-time issue but also due to the similarity of earthquake signals and the non-earthquake signals (i.e., noise or other activities).

Large-area single-crystal AB-bilayer and ABA-trilayer graphene grown on a Cu/Ni(111) foil.

High-quality AB-stacked bilayer or multilayer graphene larger than a centimetre has not been reported. Here, we report the fabrication and use of single-crystal Cu/Ni(111) alloy foils with controllable concentrations of Ni for the growth of large-area, high-quality AB-stacked bilayer and ABA-stacked trilayer graphene films by chemical vapour deposition. The stacking order, coverage and uniformity of the graphene films were evaluated by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy including selected area electron diffraction and atomic resolution imaging.

Chemically induced transformation of chemical vapour deposition grown bilayer graphene into fluorinated single-layer diamond.

Notwithstanding the numerous density functional studies on the chemically induced transformation of multilayer graphene into a diamond-like film carried out to date, a comprehensive convincing experimental proof of such a conversion is still lacking. We show that the fluorination of graphene sheets in Bernal (AB)-stacked bilayer graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition on a single-crystal CuNi(111) surface triggers the formation of interlayer carbon-carbon bonds, resulting in a fluorinated diamond monolayer ('F-diamane'). Induced by fluorine chemisorption, the phase transition from (AB)-stacked bilayer graphene to single-layer diamond was studied and verified by X-ray photoelectron, UV photoelectron, Raman, UV-Vis and electron energy loss spectroscopies, transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations.

Adlayer-Free Large-Area Single Crystal Graphene Grown on a Cu(111) Foil.

To date, thousands of publications have reported chemical vapor deposition growth of "single layer" graphene, but none of them has described truly single layer graphene over large area because a fraction of the area has adlayers. It is found that the amount of subsurface carbon (leading to additional nuclei) in Cu foils directly correlates with the extent of adlayer growth. Annealing in hydrogen gas atmosphere depletes the subsurface carbon in the Cu foil.

Ultrastiff, Strong, and Highly Thermally Conductive Crystalline Graphitic Films with Mixed Stacking Order.

A macroscopic film (2.5 cm × 2.5 cm) made by layer-by-layer assembly of 100 single-layer polycrystalline graphene films is reported.

Colossal grain growth yields single-crystal metal foils by contact-free annealing.

Single-crystal metals have distinctive properties owing to the absence of grain boundaries and strong anisotropy. Commercial single-crystal metals are usually synthesized by bulk crystal growth or by deposition of thin films onto substrates, and they are expensive and small. We prepared extremely large single-crystal metal foils by "contact-free annealing" from commercial polycrystalline foils.

Brain stimulation patterns emulating endogenous thalamocortical input to parvalbumin-expressing interneurons reduce nociception in mice.

Background: The bursting pattern of thalamocortical (TC) pathway dampens nociception. Whether brain stimulation mimicking endogenous patterns can engage similar sensory gating processes in the cortex and reduce nociceptive behaviors remains uninvestigated.

Objective: We investigated the role of cortical parvalbumin expressing (PV) interneurons within the TC circuit in gating nociception and their selective response to TC burst patterns.

Camphor-Enabled Transfer and Mechanical Testing of Centimeter-Scale Ultrathin Films.

Camphor is used to transfer centimeter-scale ultrathin films onto custom-designed substrates for mechanical (tensile) testing. Compared to traditional transfer methods using dissolving/peeling to remove the support-layers, camphor is sublimed away in air at low temperature, thereby avoiding additional stress on the as-transferred films. Large-area ultrathin films can be transferred onto hollow substrates without damage by this method.

Correction to: Achilles tenodesis for calcaneal insufficiency avulsion fractures associated with diabetes mellitus.

The original publication of this article [1] contained the wrong versions of tables 1, 2 and 3. In this correction the updated tables are published. The original publication has been updated.

Achilles tenodesis for calcaneal insufficiency avulsion fractures associated with diabetes mellitus.

Background: Calcaneal insufficiency avulsion (CIA) fractures often present with neuropathic etiology, such as Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN). Under the same surgical procedures, the outcomes of CIA fractures are less desirable, compared to the outcomes of the traumatic calcaneal avulsion fractures. Here, the study suggests Achilles tenodesis technique using suture anchor after resection of the CIA fracture fragments could provide satisfactory clinical results in the cases of surgically indicated CIA fractures.

MyShake: A smartphone seismic network for earthquake early warning and beyond.

Large magnitude earthquakes in urban environments continue to kill and injure tens to hundreds of thousands of people, inflicting lasting societal and economic disasters. Earthquake early warning (EEW) provides seconds to minutes of warning, allowing people to move to safe zones and automated slowdown and shutdown of transit and other machinery. The handful of EEW systems operating around the world use traditional seismic and geodetic networks that exist only in a few nations.

Complete Genome Sequence of Type 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain E38, Isolated from South Korea with a Novel Deletion.

We report the complete genome sequence of the European type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus E38 strain, isolated from South Korea with a novel deletion. It contains a 61-nucleotide discontinuous deletion of the Nsp2 and Nsp12 regions. This study will aid in understanding the genetic diversity of type 1 PRRSV and in manufacturing a construct based on Korean vaccine candidate development.

A new antenna system for microwave non-invasive hyperthermia lipolysis.

In this paper, we present an antenna system for microwave non-invasive hyperthermia lipolysis. The antenna system consists of a circular waveguide antenna radiating electromagnetic waves, AlN (Aluminum Nitride) radome and heat sink. The AlN radome with heat sink helps to extract heat from the skin to keep skin temperature not to rise during heating the lipolysis.

High-frequency microwave ablation method for enhanced cancer treatment with minimized collateral damage.

To overcome the limits of conventional microwave ablation, a new frequency spectrum above 6 GHz has been explored for low-power and low collateral damage ablation procedure. A planar coaxial probe-based applicator, suitable for easy insertion into the human body, was developed for our study to cover a wideband frequency up to 30 GHz. Thermal ablations with small input power (1-3 W) at various microwave frequencies were performed on nude mice xenografted with human breast cancer.

Web-based comprehensive information system for self-management of diabetes mellitus.

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a web-based comprehensive information system, consisting of Internet and cellular phone use, on blood glucose control.

Methods: We established eMOD (electronic Management of Diabetes), a web-based ubiquitous information system, for cell phone users along with a website for Internet users to provide diabetes education. We examined whether this information system has the same impact on glycemic control as conventional education for the diabetes patient.

In-vivo measurements of the dielectric properties of breast carcinoma xenografted on nude mice.

A developing method of cancer detection is to use electromagnetic waves to compare the dielectric properties of normal and cancerous tissue. Because most of the previous studies consisted of dielectric measurements taken ex-vivo, this study investigated the advantages of in-vivo measurements, obtained using the newly developed insertion-type planar probe, through the measurements of cancer (MDA MB 231), which was cultivated and implanted into the mammary fat pad of nude mice. Reflection coefficients were obtained in the broadband frequency range from 0.

Microwave detection of metastasized breast cancer cells in the lymph node; potential application for sentinel lymphadenectomy.

Metastasis is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients and an appropriate detection of metastasis can provide better prognosis and quality treatments. Microwaves can reveal the unique electromagnetic properties of materials, and this study aims to unleash the electromagnetic properties of breast cancer cells, especially, metastasized cancer cells in the lymph nodes, using broad-band microwaves in attempts to detect metastases. To distinguish the cancer-specific patterns of cancer tissues, three primary microwave parameters were assessed, i.