MRI evaluation of solid soft tissue masses of the fingers with pathology correlation.

Objective: Space occupying lesions of the fingers are commonly encountered in clinical and radiology practice. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of these lesions on MRI and to correlate with surgical pathology results.

Material And Methods: This IRB-approved HIPAA-compliant study retrospectively evaluated the clinical, imaging and pathology findings of 100 consecutive patients referred for evaluation of solid soft tissue masses of the fingers.

Imaging of Total Ankle Arthroplasty: Normal Imaging Findings and Hardware Complications.

End-stage ankle osteoarthritis often significantly impacts patients' quality of life. This can be managed surgically either by ankle arthrodesis or total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). Although ankle arthrodesis is considered by some as the standard-of-care surgical option for this condition, it restricts range of motion and may lead to accelerated osteoarthritis of neighboring joints.

Initial experience with dual-energy computed tomography-guided bone biopsies of bone lesions that are occult on monoenergetic CT.

Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether dual-energy CT (DECT), specifically the bone marrow setting of the virtual noncalcium (VNCa) algorithm, could be used to identify and accurately biopsy suspected bone malignancies that were visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear bone scintigraphy, or positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), but occult on monoenergetic computed tomography (CT) by virtue of being either isodense or nearly isodense to surrounding normal bone.

Materials And Methods: We present 4 cases in which DECT was used to detect various malignant bone lesions and was successfully used to direct percutaneous DECT-guided bone biopsies.

Results: Two of the lesions were solid tumor metastases (breast and prostate carcinoma), whereas two others were hematological malignancies (leukemia and lymphoma).

Correction to: Sonographic evaluation of uncommonly assessed upper extremity peripheral nerves: anatomy, technique, and clinical syndromes.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistake. Fig. 13a (Anatomy of the Ulnar Digital nerve of the Thumb) as originally published erroneously depicts the ulnar digital nerve of the thumb as a branch of the ulnar nerve.

Sonographic evaluation of uncommonly assessed upper extremity peripheral nerves: anatomy, technique, and clinical syndromes.

Targeted ultrasound of the median, ulnar, and radial nerves is a well-established technique for suspected upper extremity peripheral neuropathy. However, sonographic imaging of the brachial plexus and smaller peripheral nerve branches is more technically difficult and the anatomy is less familiar to many radiologists. As imaging techniques improve, many clinicians refer patients for imaging of previously less-familiar structures.

Gonadal steroid-dependent effects on bone turnover and bone mineral density in men.

Background: Severe gonadal steroid deficiency induces bone loss in adult men; however, the specific roles of androgen and estrogen deficiency in hypogonadal bone loss are unclear. Additionally, the threshold levels of testosterone and estradiol that initiate bone loss are uncertain.

Methods: One hundred ninety-eight healthy men, ages 20-50, received goserelin acetate, which suppresses endogenous gonadal steroid production, and were randomized to treatment with 0, 1.

Role of glucose in modulating Mg2+ homeostasis in liver cells from starved rats.

Alpha1- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulation elicits Mg2+ extrusion from liver cells in conjunction with hepatic glucose output (T. Fagan and A. Romani.

Epidermal powder immunization of mice and monkeys with an influenza vaccine.

Epidermal powder immunization (EPI) with an influenza vaccine and an adjuvant such as QS-21, LTR72, or cholera toxin elicited augmented serum and mucosal antibody responses in mice. Rhesus macaques, which have an immune system and skin structure similar to humans, were used to further evaluate the immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine following EPI. EPI of rhesus macaques with an influenza vaccine and QS-21 adjuvant elicited significantly higher serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers than antigen alone administered by EPI or by intramuscular (IM) injection using a needle and syringe.

Promoting research integrity at the American Society for Microbiology.

The American Society for Microbiology addresses issues of research integrity in several ways. There is a Code of Ethics for Society members and an Ethics Committee, a Publications Board has editorial oversight of ethical issues involved in Society journals and other publications, and the Public and Scientific Affairs Board is involved in ethical issues and scientific policies at the national level. In addition, the Society uses meetings and publications to inform and educate members about research integrity.

Efficacy of a cold-adapted, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine: challenge trials.

A randomised, controlled, double-blind, influenza virus, aerosol challenge of horses was undertaken to determine the efficacy of a cold-adapted, temperature sensitive, modified-live virus, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine. Ninety 11-month-old influenza-naïve foals were assigned randomly to 3 groups (20 vaccinates and 10 controls per group) and challenged 5 weeks, 6 and 12 months after a single vaccination. Challenges were performed on Day 0 in a plastic-lined chamber.

A new modified live equine influenza virus vaccine: phenotypic stability, restricted spread and efficacy against heterologous virus challenge.

Flu Avert IN vaccine is a new, live attenuated virus vaccine for equine influenza. We tested this vaccine in vivo to ascertain 1) its safety and stability when subjected to serial horse to horse passage, 2) whether it spread spontaneously from horse to horse and 3) its ability to protect against heterologous equine influenza challenge viruses of epidemiological relevance. For the stability study, the vaccine was administered to 5 ponies.

Derivation and characterization of a live attenuated equine influenza vaccine virus.

Objective: To develop and characterize a cold-adapted live attenuated equine-2 influenza virus effective as an intranasal vaccine.

Animals: 8 ponies approximately 18 months of age.

Procedures: A wild-type equine-2 virus, A/Equine/Kentucky/1/91 (H3N8), was serially passaged in embryonated chicken eggs at temperatures gradually reduced in a stepwise manner from 34 C to 30 C to 28 C to 26 C.

Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of a modified-live equine influenza virus vaccine in ponies after induction of exercise-induced immunosuppression.

Objective: To determine safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of an intranasal cold-adapted modified-live equine influenza virus vaccine administered to ponies following induction of exercise-induced immunosuppression.

Design: Prospective study.

Animals: Fifteen 9- to 15-month old ponies that had not had influenza.

Dominance of cold-adapted influenza A virus over wild-type viruses is at the level of RNA synthesis.

Cold-adapted (ca) influenza A virus is dominant over wild-type (wt) influenza A viruses in mixed infections of MDCK cells. Since the inhibition of the growth of wt viruses occurs at or before the level of protein synthesis, the effect of coinfection by ca virus on RNA synthesis of wt viruses was investigated. RNA from single and mixed infections of ca and wt viruses was analyzed by hybridization with positive and negative sense oligonucleotide probes capable of distinguishing the RNAs of the two viruses.

Effect of simultaneous administration of cold-adapted and wild-type influenza A viruses on experimental wild-type influenza infection in humans.

On the basis of the ability of the attenuated cold-adapted strain of influenza A virus to suppress disease production in ferrets simultaneously infected with epidemic influenza virus (P. Whitaker-Dowling, H.F.

The use of hybrid-selected template increases the specificity of the polymerase chain reaction.

An efficient method for generating full-length DNA sequences from apparently unsuccessful polymerase chain reactions (PCR) has been developed. In cases where nonspecific background interferes with detection of the PCR product, a second amplification is performed using a nested set of primers. The internal fragment of DNA amplified in this reaction is then blotted to a membrane and used to hybrid-select the desired DNA from the initial amplification.

Dominant-negative mutants as antiviral agents: simultaneous infection with the cold-adapted live-virus vaccine for influenza A protects ferrets from disease produced by wild-type influenza A.

The attenuated cold-adapted strain of influenza A virus that is a candidate live-virus vaccine suppressed clinical disease in ferrets when given simultaneously with a virulent epidemic strain of influenza A virus. The cold-adapted virus effectively prevented disease, even when the epidemic strain was of a different subtype than the attenuated virus. In this case, ferrets given a mixed inoculum produced antibody to both subtypes in the absence of clinical disease, indicating that both viruses are replicating in the respiratory tract.

Augmentation of natural killer cell activity in mice by Bru-Pel.

The immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activity of Bru-Pel, an aqueous-ether extracted residue of Brucella abortus (strain 456), was investigated. Bru-Pel was administered to C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally (i.p.

The genes associated with trans-dominance of the influenza A cold-adapted live virus vaccine.

Segment 7 (M) of the cold-adapted live influenza A virus vaccine plays a primary role in the ability of this virus to interfere with the replication of wild-type influenza A viruses. This conclusion is based on several lines of evidence. Single gene reassortant viruses derived by crossing influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) cold-adapted donor virus with an epidemic wild-type strain, A/Korea/1/82 (H3N2), were tested for their ability to interfere with wild-type parental virus in the Madin-Darby line of canine kidney cells and embryonated eggs.

Cellular mechanisms in the superinfection exclusion of vesicular stomatitis virus.

The superinfection exclusion of VSV has been studied and found to be caused by a combination of three distinct effects on endocytosis by VSV-infected cells: first, a decreased rate of formation of endocytic vesicles as judged by an inhibition of fluid-phase uptake at 2 hr postinfection; second, a decreased rate of internalization of receptor-bound ligands, which was detected at 4 hr postinfection; and third, a competition with newly synthesized virus for occupancy of coated pits, as indicated by electron microscopy of infected cells. At the same time that fluid-phase uptake decreased, numerous uncoated invaginations were observed at the cell surface.

Sequential disassembly of the cytoskeleton in BHK21 cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus.

The cytopathic effects of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) that result in the rounding of BHK21 cells have been studied. The results indicate that they are mediated by a sequential alteration in the distribution of the components of the cytoskeleton, an effect that requires the expression of the viral L protein. The constituents of the cytoskeleton of BHK21 cells were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy.

Cold-adapted vaccine strains of influenza A virus act as dominant negative mutants in mixed infections with wild-type influenza A virus.

The cold-adapted reassortant of influenza A, which is a candidate live virus vaccine, interfered with the replication of parental wild-type virus in mixed infections of either MDCK cells or embryonated eggs. The interference occurred at either the permissive or nonpermissive temperature for the cold-adapted virus. In doubly infected cells, the yield of the wild-type virus was reduced by as much as 3000-fold and the protein synthesis phenotype expressed was that of the cold-adapted virus.