Suggestions for Escaping the Dark Ages for Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Treated with Radiotherapy: Analysis of Prognostic Factors from the National Multicenter Study.

Purpose: This multicenter retrospective study aimed to investigate clinical, radiologic, and treatment-related factors affecting survival in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) treated with radiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: Patients aged <30 years who underwent radiotherapy as an initial treatment for DIPG between 2000 and 2018 were included; patients who did not undergo magnetic resonance imaging at diagnosis and those with pathologically diagnosed grade I glioma were excluded. We examined medical records of 162 patients collected from 10 participating centers in Korea.

Optimal Definition of Biochemical Recurrence in Patients Who Receive Salvage Radiotherapy Following Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: This study proposed the optimal definition of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after salvage radiotherapy (SRT) following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: Among 1,117 patients who had received SRT, data from 205 hormone-naïve patients who experienced post-SRT prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation were included in a multi-institutional database. The primary endpoint was to determine the PSA parameters predictive of distant metastasis (DM).

Optimizing External Beam Radiotherapy as per the Risk Group of Localized Prostate Cancer: A Nationwide Multi-Institutional Study (KROG 18-15).

Purpose: This nationwide multi-institutional study analyzed the patterns of care and outcomes of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in localized prostate cancer patients. We compared various risk classification tools and assessed the need for refinements in current radiotherapy (RT) schemes.

Methods And Materials: We included non-metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with primary EBRT from 2001 to 2015 in this study.

Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Modulates Microglia Phenotypes in the Models of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. AD involves major pathologies such as amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. During the progression of AD, microglia can be polarized from anti-inflammatory M2 to pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype.

Diabetes mellitus is a predictive factor for radiation pneumonitis after thoracic radiotherapy in patients with lung cancer.

Purpose: We evaluated the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) and DM-related serologic factors (HbA1c and fasting glucose) on the development of radiation pneumonitis in patients with lung cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 123 patients with lung cancer treated with radiotherapy. Radiation pneumonitis was scored according to the toxicity criteria of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.

Adjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer patients who achieved a pathological complete response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study evaluated the prognostic impact of ACT in patients who achieved a pathological complete response (pCR). Articles published from January 1990 to September 2018 were searched in EMBASE, PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of overall survival (OS) were extracted.

Clinical Outcomes of Postoperative Radiotherapy Following Radical Prostatectomy in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study (KROG 18-01) of a Korean Population.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: Localized prostate cancer patients who received PORT after radical prostatectomy between 2001 and 2012 were identified retrospectively in a multi-institutional database. In total, 1,117 patients in 19 institutions were included.

Comparative survival analysis of preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy in stage II-III rectal cancer on the basis of long-term population data.

This study compared long-term population-based survival outcomes of preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy (RT) approaches in rectal cancer. Patients with stage II-III rectal cancer between 1998 and 2013 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were estimated in propensity-matched study population according to the use of RT.

Patterns of failure in rectal cancer with positive circumferential resection margin after surgery following preoperative chemoradiation: a propensity score matching analysis.

Objective:: To compare the patterns of failure between rectal cancer patients with negative and positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) after surgery following preoperative chemoradiation.

Methods:: Of 944 stage II-III rectal cancer patients treated with radical surgery following preoperative chemoradiation, 74 patients (7.8%) showed positive CRM.

Verification of Low Risk for Perihippocampal Recurrence in Patients with Brain Metastases Who Received Whole-Brain Radiotherapy with Hippocampal Avoidance.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns of failure and survival outcome in patients with brain metastases who received whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) with hippocampal avoidance (HA) using simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) on metastatic brain tumors.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 42 patients treated with HA-WBRT for brain metastases. A total of 25 Gy for whole brain and 35-55 Gy for gross tumors were delivered with 10 fractionations.

Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Loco-regionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Treatment Outcomes and Prognostic Factors.

Background: We conducted this study to contribute to resolving some controversial issues on management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: Thirty-two patients with stage III-IVB nasopharyngeal carcinoma were included in this retrospective study. All patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy with either 3D conformal radiotherapy or intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

Prognostic group stratification and nomogram for predicting overall survival in patients who received radiotherapy for abdominal lymph node metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-institutional retrospective study (KROG 15-02).

Objective: To develop a prognostic model for overall survival (OS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) to metastatic abdominal lymph nodes (LNs).

Materials And Methods: Two hundred twenty-eight patients treated with RT to metastatic abdominal LNs were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Median OS in all patients was 11.

Comparison of the Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil Receiving Postoperative Ipsilateral Versus Bilateral Neck Radiotherapy: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis (KROG 11-07).

Purpose: The impact of postoperative ipsilateral neck radiotherapy (INRT) versus bilateral neck radiotherapy (BNRT) on the clinical outcomes of patients with tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma was analyzed retrospectively.

Materials And Methods: Between October 2001 and June 2012, 241 patients with T1-2 and N0-N2b tonsillar carcinoma from 16 institutes underwent postoperative INRT (n=84) or BNRT (n=157) following a tonsillectomy. Seventy patients were identified from each group by propensity score matching and compared in terms of the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method with a log-rank test.

Toxicities and dose-volume histogram parameters of MRI-based brachytherapy for cervical cancer.

Purpose: To analyze the toxicities and dose-volume histogram parameters of external-beam and magnetic resonance imaging-based intracavitary brachytherapy in cervical cancer patients.

Methods And Materials: Acute and late toxicities were assessed in 135 patients divided into four groups: group 1, grade 0; group 2, grades 1-4; group 3, grades 0-1; and group 4, grades 2-4. The doses at the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (D) and minimum doses to the most exposed 0.

Magnetic resonance image-guided brachytherapy for cervical cancer : Prognostic factors for survival.

Objective: The purpose of this work was to identify prognostic factors for survival after magnetic resonance image (MRI)-guided brachytherapy combined with external beam radiotherapy for cervical cancer.

Material And Methods: External beam radiotherapy of 45-50.4 Gy was delivered by either three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy or helical tomotherapy.

Treatment outcomes of curative radiotherapy in patients with vulvar cancer: results of the retrospective KROG 1203 study.

Purpose: We evaluated the prognostic factors and clinical outcomes of 56 patients with vulvar cancer treated with curative radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed retrospectively. Prognostic factors evaluated included age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, TNM classification, tumor size, treatment modality, RT duration, and RT field.

Predictive factors for radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer treated with helical tomotherapy.

Purpose: Predictive factors for radiation pneumonitis (RP) after helical tomotherapy (HT) may differ from those after linac-based radiotherapy. In this study, we identified predictive factors for RP in patients with lung cancer treated with HT.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical, treatment-related and dosimetric factors from 31 patients with lung cancer treated with HT.

Treatment outcomes of helical intensity-modulated radiotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background/aims: This study reports treatment outcomes after helical intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients for whom transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was considered ineffective or unsuitable.

Methods: From January 2008 to December 2011, 22 unresectable HCC patients received helical IMRT. A daily dose of 1.

Comparison of survival rates between patients treated with conventional radiotherapy and helical tomotherapy for head and neck cancer.

Purpose: Compared to conventional radiotherapy (RT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) significantly reduces the rate of treatment-induced late toxicities in head and neck cancer. However, a clear survival benefit of IMRT over conventional RT has not yet been shown. This study is among the first comparative study to compare the survival rates between conventional RT and helical tomotherapy in head and neck cancer.