Drug addiction therapies commonly fail because continued drug use promotes the release of excessive and pleasurable dopamine levels. Because the connection between pleasure and drug use becomes hard-wired in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which interfaces motivation, effective therapies need to modulate this mesolimbic reward system. Here, we report that mice with knockdown of the cation channel TRPA1 (transient receptor potential ankyrin 1) were resistant to the drug-seeking behavior and reward effects of cocaine compared to their wildtype litter mates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel psychoactive substances (NPSs) are new psychotropic drugs designed to evade substance regulatory policies. 25E-NBOMe (2-(4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine) has recently been identified as an NPS, and its recreational misuse has been reported to be rapidly increasing. However, the psychopharmacological effects and mechanisms of 25E-NBOMe have not been studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtein tyrosine phosphatase N2 (PTPN2) is a type 1 diabetes (T1D) candidate gene identified from human genome-wide association studies. PTPN2 is highly expressed in human and murine islets and becomes elevated upon inflammation and models of T1D, suggesting that PTPN2 may be important for β-cell survival in the context of T1D. To test whether PTPN2 contributed to β-cell dysfunction in an inflammatory environment, we generated a β-cell-specific deletion of Ptpn2 in mice (PTPN2-β knockout [βKO]).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdinazolam (ADZ) is a benzodiazepine-type new psychoactive substance (NPS) with anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and antidepressant effects. High ADZ doses have been reported to impair psychomotor performance and memory; however, the abuse potential and drug dependence of ADZ have not yet been fully investigated. In this study, we evaluated whether ADZ has abuse potential and leads to drug dependence and withdrawal symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Individuals with anorexia nervosa maintain extremely low body weights despite elevations in the circulating orexigenic hormone ghrelin. Whether circulating levels of endogenous ghrelin are associated with weight gain in anorexia nervosa is unknown.
Objective: To examine the association between baseline ghrelin and future weight change in individuals with anorexia nervosa.
Korean J Gastroenterol
November 2022
Ultrasound (US) is an essential diagnostic tool in almost every medical area. Therefore, abdominal US education for internal medicine residents was mandated by the Korean Association of Internal Medicine. However, US education for physicians has been conducted only in some university hospitals that directly perform abdominal US examinations in internal medicine, or some education is provided with the help of radiologists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMepirapim is a synthetic cannabinoid that has recently been abused for recreational purposes. Although serious side effects have been reported from users, the dangerous pharmacological effects of Mepirapim have not been scientifically demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the addictive potential of Mepirapim through an intravenous self-administration test and a conditioned place preference test in rodents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Methamphetamine (METH) is the most widely used psychostimulant and has been known to exhibit reinforcing effects even after long abstinence. We showed the inhibitory effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) on METH-induced addictive behaviors in animal models mimicking the human drug-use pattern.
Methods: We first investigated the effect of RGE on the acquisition of METH-induced dependence using self-administration and conditioned place preference (CPP) tests.
IEEE Trans Image Process
September 2021
Motion blur, which disturbs human and machine perceptions of a scene, has been considered an unnecessary artifact that should be removed. However, the blur can be a useful clue to understanding the dynamic scene, since various sources of motion generate different types of artifacts. Motivated by the relationship between motion and blur, we propose a motion-aware feature learning framework for dynamic scene deblurring through multi-task learning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aims: : Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with surgically altered anatomy (SAA) is challenging to gastrointestinal endoscopists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of scope exchange from a long single balloon enteroscope (SBE) to a gastroscope during SBE-assisted ERCP (SBE-ERCP) in patients with SAA.
Methods: Patients who underwent SBE-ERCP between February 2019 and October 2020 were retrospectively identified.
Background And Purpose: Methoxphenidine is a dissociative-based novel psychoactive designer drug. Although fatal accidents from methoxphenidine abuse have been reported, recreational use of the drug continues. We aim to provide scientific supportfor legal regulation of recreational abuse of methoxphenidine by demonstrating its the pharmacological action.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: A chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model has been proposed as relevant to stress-induced behavioral change in humans. In this study, we examined the effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on CSDS-induced mood disorders and protein expression in an animal model.
Methods: To evaluate the effect of KRG on social defeat stress, test mice were exposed in the resident aggressor's home cage compartment for 14 days beginning 1 h after KRG treatment (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, per oral (p.
2C (2C-x) is the general name for the family of phenethylamines containing two methoxy groups at the 2 and 5 positions of the benzene ring. The abuse of 2C family drugs has grown rapidly, although the abuse potential and neurotoxic properties of 2C drugs have not yet been fully investigated. In this study, we investigated the abuse potential and neurotoxicity of 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-C) and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylphenethylamine (2C-P).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Relapse after weight restoration in anorexia nervosa (AN) is a critical problem. Higher body fat percentage after weight gain has been shown to predict better weight maintenance outcome. Leptin, a fat-derived hormone, has been associated with progress during weight gain, but its association with weight maintenance is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe use of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) as a substitute for illegal drugs is increasing rapidly and is a serious threat to public health. 25C-NBF is a newly synthesized phenethylamine-type NPS that acts as a 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HT) receptor agonist, but little is known about its pharmacological effects. Considering that NPSs have caused unexpected harmful effects leading to emergency and even death, scientific confirmation of the potential adverse effects of 25C-NBF is essential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIEEE Trans Image Process
January 2020
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have facilitated substantial progress on various problems in computer vision and image processing. However, applying them to image fusion has remained challenging due to the lack of the labelled data for supervised learning. This paper introduces a deep image fusion network (DIF-Net), an unsupervised deep learning framework for image fusion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDaidzein, one of the important isoflavones, is extensively metabolized in the human body following consumption. In particular, 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (THIF), a major metabolite of daidzein, has been the focus of recent investigations due to its various health benefits, such as anti-cancer and anti-obesity effects. However, the protective effects of 6,7,4'-THIF have not yet been studied in models of Parkinson's disease (PD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDF, a traditional herbal medicine widely used in Australia, North America, and Eastern Asia, has various therapeutic effects on inflammation, nephritis, hyperpigmentation, and diuresis. In this study, to evaluate the effects of on cognitive function, we examined whether improved amyloid beta-induced memory impairment and assessed the possible mechanisms in mice. Catechin, rutin, daidzein, luteolin, naringenin, and genistein were identified in the powdered extract of by HPCL-DAD analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychoneuroendocrinology
December 2019
Women with anorexia nervosa (AN) develop visceral adiposity associated with insulin resistance after partial weight restoration, but little is known about the glucose homeostasis after full weight restoration. In this investigation, we studied glucose homeostasis in twenty-four women with AN before (AN) and after weight restoration (WR) at a single institution, with both restricting and binge-purge subtypes (>70% binge-purge), compared to gender-, age- and BMI-matched healthy controls (HC). Participants underwent fasting plasma hormone analysis, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and body composition analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew psychoactive substances that have been modified and developed to mimic the effects of already prohibited drugs are an increasingly global problem. Among them, 2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25 N-NBOMe) belonging to the N-methoxybenzyl-phenethylamines (NBOMes) class has recently emerged as a new psychoactive substance. However, the rewarding effects of 25 N-NBOMe have not yet been studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDaidzein isolated from soybean () has been widely studied for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the protective effects of 7,8,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (THIF), a major metabolite of daidzein, on 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity are not well understood. In the current study, 7,8,4'-THIF significantly inhibited neuronal cell death and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release induced by 6-OHDA in SH-SY5Y cells, which were used as an model of Parkinson' disease (PD).
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