First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by on Invasive Weed in Korea.

Cerastium glomeratum Thuill., known as sticky mouse-ear chickweed, is native to Europe and has become naturalized in the wild on most continents. After its accidental introduction to Korea around the 1980s, it quickly became one of the dominant invasive weeds on the Korean peninsula and is now considered a significant threat to the Korean agroecosystem (Park et al.

Development of A Novel Multiplex TaqMan Probe qPCR Assay Distinguishing Dikaryotic ITS rDNA Types of (=) and .

Sclerotium rolfsii (=Agroathelia rolfsii) and S. delphinii are globally ubiquitous and prevalent soil-borne pathogens. These species are distinguishable by the morphology of their sclerotia formed on artificial media.

Causing Powdery Mildew on in Korea.

Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as yarrow or common yarrow, is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Asia, Europe, and North America (https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.

Designing A Novel Primer Set for Gene to Enhance Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Studies of Species.

(Erysiphaceae, Ascomycota) is an obligate plant pathogenic group causing powdery mildew on diverse angiosperm plants, including economically significant crops. Despite advancements in the taxonomy and phylogeny of species using ribosomal DNA markers (ITS and LSU), several taxonomic issues remain unresolved. Previously, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase () gene, which exhibits higher nucleotide variation, has been proposed as an additional marker for powdery mildew species.

Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Host Expansion of Powdery Mildew Fungi Parasitic to Species.

Powdery mildew is a prevalent fungal disease that affects various spp. (Plantaginaceae), caused by species in the genera and (Erysiphales). There have been recent taxonomic changes in these groups and ongoing disease occurrence on a range of species previously unrecognized as hosts; however, the pathogen found in Korea remains unidentified.

Unraveling the Life Cycle of : A Study of Rust Diseases on and .

Rust disease poses a major threat to global agriculture and forestry. It is caused by types of Pucciniales, which often require alternate hosts for their life cycles. was previously identified as a rust pathogen on in East and Southeast Asia.

First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by on in Korea.

Amaranthus hybridus (=A. patulus), often called green amaranth, is an annual herbaceous plant of the Amaranthaceae. This plant is considered a harmful weed in the agricultural context of North America and has expanded its distribution to Asia and Europe.

Development and Validation of a Multiplex TaqMan Probe qPCR Assay Specific for Three Rust Fungi Infecting .

Rust fungi are the largest group of obligate plant pathogens and cause severe damage to global forests and agricultural security. , a tree species native to East Asia (China, Japan, and Korea), is vulnerable to three rust species: , , and . The early symptoms of infection are indistinguishable between these species, making an accurate and rapid diagnosis challenging.

Imaging inter-valley coherent order in magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene.

Magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene (MATTG) exhibits a range of strongly correlated electronic phases that spontaneously break its underlying symmetries. Here we investigate the correlated phases of MATTG using scanning tunnelling microscopy and identify marked signatures of interaction-driven spatial symmetry breaking. In low-strain samples, over a filling range of about two to three electrons or holes per moiré unit cell, we observe atomic-scale reconstruction of the graphene lattice that accompanies a correlated gap in the tunnelling spectrum.

Morphology, Molecular Phylogeny, and Fungicide Sensitivity of and in Korea.

species, classified under Oomycota, cause significant damage to various crops and trees. The present study introduced species, and , new to Korea, which pose notable risks to their respective host plants. Our research provided a comprehensive description of these species taking into account their cultural features, morphological characteristics, and molecular phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer rDNA region and cytochrome c oxidase subunit mtDNA genes (1 and 2) sequences.

Organic Farming Allows Balanced Fungal and Oomycetes Communities.

Conventional and organic farming systems affect soils differently, thereby influencing microbial diversity and composition. Organic farming, which relies on natural processes, biodiversity, and cycles adapted to local conditions, is generally known to improve soil texture and alleviate microbial diversity loss compared with that of conventional farming, which uses synthetic inputs such as chemical fertilisers, pesticides, and herbicides. Although they affect the health and productivity of host plants, the community dynamics of fungi and fungi-like oomycetes (under ) in organic farmland are poorly understood.

Multiplex TaqMan qPCR Assay for Detection, Identification, and Quantification of Three Species.

White mold (or Sclerotinia stem rot), caused by species, is a major air, soil, or seed-transmitted disease affecting numerous crops and wild plants. Microscopic or culture-based methods currently available for their detection and identification are time-consuming, laborious, and often erroneous. Therefore, we developed a multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the discrimination, detection, and quantification of DNA collected from each of the three economically relevant species, namely, , , and .

Uncharted Diversity and Ecology of () in Freshwater Environments.

The fungal-like family (), also called "water mold," includes mostly aquatic saprophytes as well as notorious aquatic animal pathogens. Most studies on have been biased toward pathogenic species that are important to aquaculture rather than saprotrophic species, despite the latter's crucial roles in carbon cycling of freshwater ecosystems. Few attempts have been made to study the diversity and ecology of ; thus, their ecological role is not well-known.

Promotion of superconductivity in magic-angle graphene multilayers.

Graphene moiré superlattices show an abundance of correlated insulating, topological, and superconducting phases. Whereas the origins of strong correlations and nontrivial topology can be directly linked to flat bands, the nature of superconductivity remains enigmatic. We demonstrate that magic-angle devices made of twisted tri-, quadri-, and pentalayer graphene placed on monolayer tungsten diselenide exhibit flavor polarization and superconductivity.

First Report of Puccinia modiolae Causing Rust Disease on Malva verticillata in Korea.

Malva verticillata (Malvaceae), commonly called Chinese mallow or whorled mallow, is an annual herb native to East Asia and is currently distributed worldwide. In Korea, this plant is cultivated as a leafy vegetable and cooked like spinach or used in soups and also as a medicine material. In March 2022, typical symptoms of rust disease were observed on M.

Evidence for unconventional superconductivity in twisted trilayer graphene.

Magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene (MATTG) has emerged as a moiré material that exhibits strong electronic correlations and unconventional superconductivity. However, local spectroscopic studies of this system are still lacking. Here we perform high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy of MATTG that reveal extensive regions of atomic reconstruction favouring mirror-symmetric stacking.